THE TRINITY
Notice the activity of all three Persons of the Trinity in unified contexts. The term "trinity," first coined by Tertullian, is not a biblical word, but the concept is pervasive.
In the NT
the Gospels
Matt. 3:16-17; 28:19 (and parallels)
John 14:26
Acts — Acts 2:32-33, 38-39
Paul
Rom. 1:4-5; 5:1,5; 8:1-4,8-10
1 Cor. 2:8-10; 12:4-6
2 Cor. 1:21-22; 13:14
Gal. 4:4-6
Eph. 1:3-14,17; 2:18; 3:14-17; 4:4-6
1 Thess. 1:2-5
2 Thess. 2:13
Titus 3:4-6
Peter — 1 Pet. 1:2
Jude — vv. 20-21
A plurality in God is hinted at in the OT.
Use of PLURALS for God
Name Elohim is PLURAL , but when used of God always has a SINGULAR VERB
"Us" in Genesis 1:26-27 (see full notes online); 3:22; 11:7; Isa. 6:8
"One" in the Shema (BDB 1033) of Deut. 6:4 can be PLURAL (as it is in Gen. 2:24; Ezek. 37:17; -
"The Angel of the Lord" was a visible representative of Deity
Genesis 16:7-13; 22:11-15; 31:11,13; 48:15-16
Exodus 3:2,4; 13:21; 14:19
Judges 2:1; 6:22-23; 13:3-22
Zechariah 3:1-2
God and His Spirit are separate, Gen. 1:1-2; Ps. 104:30; Isa. 63:9-11; Ezek. 37:13-14
God (YHWH) and Messiah (Adon) are separate, Ps. 45:6-7; 110:1; Zech. 2:8-11; 10:9-12
The Messiah and the Spirit are separate, Zech. 12:10
All three are mentioned in one context in Isa. 48:16; 61:1
The Deity of Jesus , and the NT verses: John 1:1-2; 5:18; 8:58; 10:30; 14:9; 17:11; 20:28; Rom. 9:5; Phil. 2:6; Titus 2:13; Heb. 1:8; 2 Pet. 1:1) and the personality of the Spirit caused problems for the strict, monotheistic early believers.
Tertullian — subordinated the Son to the Father
Origen — subordinated the divine essence of the Son and the Spirit
Arius — denied Deity to the Son and Spirit
Monarchianism — believed in a successive chronological manifestation of the one God as Father, then Son, and then Spirit
The Trinity is a historically developed formulation informed by the biblical material.
the full Deity of Jesus, equal to the Father, was affirmed in A.D. 325 by the Council of Nicea (cf. John 1:1; Phil. 2:6; Titus 2:13)
the full personality and Deity of the Spirit equal to the Father and Son was affirmed in A.D. 381 by the Council of Constantinople
the doctrine of the Trinity is fully expressed in Augustine's work De Trinitate. There is truly mystery here. But the NT affirms one eternal divine essence (monotheism) with three eternal personal manifestations (Father, Son, and Spirit).
For more information on the developed doctrinal understanding of the Trinity or Tri-Unity of God, see
Millard J. Erickson, Christian Theology, 2nd ed., chapter 16, "God's Three-in-Oneness: The Trinity," pp. 340-367.
Hard Sayings of the Bible, John 1:1; "One God or Three?", pp. 490-492
The Trinity -- Special Topic by Dr. Bob Utley, professor of hermeneutics (retired).
www.freebiblecommentary.org
Denying the Deity of Christ seems to be normative-in this kosmos.
THE DEITY OF CHRIST FROM THE OT (Micah 5:2)
The two lines from Micah 5:2, "His goings forth are from long ago" and "From the days of eternity," are parallel. The VERB, "going forth" (BDB 422, KB 425, Qal IMPERATIVE is very common. It was used in Micah eight times:
of the Lord's coming in Mic. 1:3
of God's law going forth in Mic. 4:2
of repentant Israel being restored in Mic. 7:9 (i.e., a new exodus, Mic. 7:15). It can refer to the Messiah's origin (Genenius, NRSV, NJB) or actions (cf. Mic. 4:4,5a).
These two poetic lines could refer to
the pre-existence of the Messiah (cf. Pro. 8:22-31; John 1:1,14-15,30; 8:56-59; 16:28; 17:5,24; 2 Cor. 8:9; Phil. 2:6-7; Col. 1:17; Heb. 1:3; 10:5-9)
a way of referring to famous descendants of the past (i.e., Noah, Abraham, or more probably, David).
This whole verse alludes to a Davidic king, of David's line, from David's hometown. David was viewed as the ideal king.
The term "eternity" (BDB 761) is 'olam. See SPECIAL TOPIC: FOREVER ('Olam).
The NIDOTTE, vol. 3, p. 347, which discusses 'olam, makes this comment,
"While it is tempting to see here a reference to the eternal preexistence of the Messiah, no such an idea is found in biblical or post-biblical Jewish literature before the 'Similitudes of Enoch' (first century B.C. ‒ first century A.D.; see I Enoch 48:2-6)."
I think, although there are hints in the OT of an incarnation, the Jewish leaders of Jesus' day were surprised at His claims of equality with God (e.g., Mark 2:5-7; John 1:1-14; 8:58 and Paul, 2 Cor. 4:4; Col. 1:15; Phil. 2:6; Titus 2:13). A partial list of OT texts that have been used to assert the full deity of Jesus follows:
Ps. 2:7, quoted in Heb. 1:5 (see esp. 1:2-3)
Ps. 45:6-7 quoted in Heb. 1:8-9
Ps. 110:1 quoted in Heb. 1:13
Isa. 9:6; Jer. 23:5-6; Micah 5:2 alluded to in Luke 1:32
Dan. 7:13 quoted in Matt. 26:64; Mark14:62
Zech. 13:7 quoted in Matt. 26:31; Mark 14:27
Mal. 3:1 quoted in Mark 1:1-3; Luke 2:26-27
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE TRINITY, II
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHRIST JESUS AS LORD
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Shalom
@Wrangler
J.