The Word was with God—The preposition translated "with" is pros. In Koine Greek pros (short for prosopon pros prosopon, "face to face") was used to show intimacy in personal relationships (see Matt. 13:56; 26:18; Mark 6:3; 14:49; 1 Cor. 13:12; 6:10; 2 Cor. 5:8; Gal. 1:18). Thus, for John to say "the Word was with God" was for him to mean "the Word was face to face with God" (see Williams’s translation) or "the Word was having intimate fellowship with God." This speaks of the preincarnate Son’s relationship with the Father prior to creation—in fact, prior to everything (see 1:18; 17:5, 24) (
JFB).
With God (pros ton theon). Though existing eternally with God the Logos was in perfect fellowship with God. Pros with the accusative presents a plane of equality and intimacy, face to face with each other (
RWP).
The preposition "with" in the phrase "the Word was with God" indicates both equality and distinction of identity along with association. The phrase can be rendered "face to face with." It may, therefore, imply personality, coexistence with the Creator, and yet be an expression of his creative being...The preposition ðñ’ò (pros) indicates both equality and distinction of identity. Robertson says, "The literal idea comes out well, ‘face to face with God’" (RHG, p. 623). Thus this implies personality and coexistence with God. Robertson says it bespeaks of "the fellowship between the Logos and God" (
EBC).
Thus John’s statement is that the divine Word not only abode with the Father from all eternity, but was in the living, active relation of communion with Him (
Vincent).
Of the character of this relationship to God no further details are given. [Apparently "with God" (pros + accusative) is intended as an indication not only of place but also of disposition and orientation. - note 23] The focus is entirely on the antecedent existence of the Word, that is, that it existed before all that is created, and on the Word's participation in the divine. This latter point is made in no uncertain terms by the emphatic positioning of the predicate noun: "And God was the Word" (
Ridderbos).
What we notice about all these examples [of pros in the NT], however, is that in all but one or two peculiar constructions (e.g., 1 Pet. 3:15), pros may mean 'with' only when a person is with a person, usually in some fairly intimate relationship. And that suggests that John may already be pointing out, rather subtly, that the 'Word' he is talking about is a person, with God and therefore distinguishable from God, and enjoying a personal relationship with him (
Carson)
The Greek preposition translated with suggests the idea of communion. The thought is lit. 'towards God', which requires some distinctiveness between God and the Word. But the next phrase adds a further aspect, since it affirms that the Word was God...Since the Greek has no article before God, the term must be taken setting out a characteristic of the Word. Since God is a noun, John must be affirming the Godhead of the Word. It involves not only divinity but deity (
NBC).
John 1:1
Was with God een pros ton Theon. Anglo-Saxon version: "mid Gode." Wycliffe: "at God." "With" pros does not convey the full meaning, that there is no single English word which will give it better. The preposition pros, which, with the accusative case, donotes motion toward, or direction, is also often used in the New Testament in the sense of with; and that not merely as "being near or beside," but as a living union and communion; implying the active notion of conversation. Thus: "Are not his sisters here with us" pros heemas, i.e., in social relations with us (Mark 6:3; Matt 13:56). "How long shall I be with you" pros humas, Mark 9:16). "I sat daily with you" (Matt 26:55). "To be present with the Lord" pros ton Kurion, 2 Cor 5:8). "Abide and winter with you" (1 Cor 16:6). "The eternal life which was with the Father" pros ton patera, 1 John 1:2). Thus John's statement is that the divine Word not only "abode" with the Father from all eternity, but was in the living, active relation of communion with Him.
Vincent
John 1:1
The Word was with God. The word "with" is from a preposition meaning literally "facing." Thus the Word is a Person facing God the Father. The article appears before the word "God" in the Greek, which indicates that the First Person of the Trinity is meant. Thus, John is speaking of the fellowship between the Word, Jesus Christ, and the Father, a fellowship that existed from all eternity and will exist to all eternity. Wuest