28 And we have known that to those loving God all things do work together for good, to those who are called according to purpose; 29 because whom He did foreknow, He also did fore-appoint, conformed to the image of His Son, that he might be first-born among many brethren; 30 and whom He did fore-appoint, these also He did call; and whom He did call, these also He declared righteous; and whom He declared righteous, these also He did glorify.
"Whom He did foreknow" or "Whom He foreknew" is a subset of all mankind. If one has to specify "whom He foreknew", there must be those "whom He did not foreknow". So it is a done deal in the past from the perspective of God. It cannot change in real time.
In addition, the following can only be true if God is sovereign over everything that happens on earth: "And we have known that to those loving God all things do work together for good, to those who are called according to purpose;" or "28 And we know that God causes all things to work together for good to those who love God, to those who are called according to His purpose."
God can't cause all things to work together for good to those who love God unless God is in control over all things.
Lets not ignore the point. This is a promise to those who love God. If you read the passage it is those God knew formerly
We can see this by all the past tense verbs especially their glorification. They have since died and been glorified
Romans 8:28–30 (KJV 1900) — 28 And we know that all things work together for good to them that love God, to them who are the called according to his purpose. 29 For whom he did foreknow, he also did predestinate to be conformed to the image of his Son, that he might be the firstborn among many brethren. 30 Moreover whom he did predestinate, them he also
called: and whom he called, them he also
justified: and whom he justified, them he also
glorified.
We must clearly understand how Paul is using the word "foreknow" in this passage. He is not talking about God looking down the corridors of time from eternity past and into the future. The idea of God knowing the future is not even present in this passage. If indeed Paul was referring to "those He foreknew," in the sense of those He knew about in the future, we would have to say he knew everyone and then we would also have to say he predestined everyone to be conformed to the image of God's Son. The word "foreknow" here is used in the sense of God knowing some people in an intimate personal relational sense, in the past, as in "Adam knew Eve" and "I never knew you." The people that God foreknows are "those who love Him" as Paul has just mentioned in the previous verse. Paul wrote to the Corinthians, "if anyone loves God, he is known by Him." (1 Cor 8:3). The word implies a love relationship between one person and another.
1 Corinthians 8:3 (KJV 1900) — 3 But if any man love God, the same is known of him.
Galatians 4:9 (KJV 1900) — 9 But now, after that ye have known God, or rather are known of God, how turn ye again to the weak and beggarly elements, whereunto ye desire again to be in bondage?
see can see a further use of the term foreknow
Romans 11 (KJV 1900) — 1 I say then, Hath God cast away his people? God forbid. For I also am an Israelite, of the seed of Abraham, of the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God hath not cast away his people which he foreknew. Wot ye not what the scripture saith of Elias? how he maketh intercession to God against Israel, saying, 3 Lord, they have killed thy prophets, and digged down thine altars; and I am left alone, and they seek my life. 4 But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.
it is a reference to those known by God previously.