Perhaps the best way to understand
He became sin for us is to begin with what it does
not mean. First, it does not mean that Jesus actually became sin itself. To posit such a theory denies all of Scripture, which clearly presents Jesus Christ as the One in whom there is no sin (
1 John 3:5), who commits no sin (
1 Peter 2:22), and who is holy, blameless, and pure (
Mark 1:24;
Acts 3:14;
Revelation 3:7). For Jesus to “become” sin, even for a moment, would mean He ceased to be God. But Scripture presents Jesus as “the same yesterday, today and forever” (
Hebrews 13:8). He was and is and always will be the Second Person of the Godhead (
John 1:1).
If
He became sin for us does not mean Jesus was sin, or a sinner, or guilty of sin, the proper interpretation can only be found in the doctrine of
imputation. This is confirmed by the second part of
2 Corinthians 5:21: “So that in him we might become the righteousness of God.” To impute something is to ascribe or attribute it to someone. On the cross, our sin was imputed to Christ. That is how Christ paid our sin debt to God. He had no sin in Himself, but our sin was imputed (attributed) to Him so, as He suffered, He took the just penalty that our sin deserves. At the same time, through faith, Christ’s righteousness is imputed to us. Now we can stand before God sinless, just as Jesus is sinless. We are not righteous in ourselves; rather, Christ’s righteousness is applied to us.
So, “God made him . . . to be sin for us” means that Jesus, although sinless, was treated
as if He were not. Although He remained holy, He was
regarded as guilty of all the sin in the world. Through imputation of our sin to Him, He became our
substitute and the recipient of God’s judgment against sin. Having saved those who believe, He is now “our righteousness, holiness and redemption” (
1 Corinthians 1:30).