Jude 1:4 "For certain persons have crept in unnoticed" False teachers often come from within the group (cf. 1 John 2:18-19). This refers to the false teachers who used cunning schemes (cf. Jude 1:8,10, 11-12,16,18-19) in order to manipulate the people of God. Other false teachers are mentioned in the NT in Matt. 7:15-23; 2 Cor. 11:13-15; Gal. 2:4; Eph. 4:14; Col. 2:8-23; 2 Tim. 3:1ff and of course, 2 Peter 2. Beware!
There are so many interpretations of the Bible; so many claim to speak for God! How can one evaluate those who claim to speak from God? Here are some ways.
Deut. 13:1-5 (sign or wonder in name of another god)
Deut. 18:20-22 (accurately predicts the future in name of another god)
Matt. 7:15-23 (by their fruits you shall know them; life reveals orientation)
Matt. 24:24 (miracles are not automatically a sign of God)
1 John 4:1-3 (Christological, one nature —God and man)
2 Pet. 3:15-16 (they misinterpret revelation ‒ 3:2)
▣ "those who were long beforehand marked out for this condemnation" This is a
PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE. A similar concept is found in 2 Pet. 2:3. This may be
an allusion to the non-canonical book of I Enoch (cf. Jude 1:14)
an example of Jude's following OT examples
False teachers have crept in unnoticed throughout history and the tragedy continues (cf. Eph. 4:14).
SPECIAL TOPIC: APOSTASY
▣ "ungodly persons" This is the term "godly" (eusebēs, cf. 2 Pet. 2:9 or eusebeia, cf. 2 Pet. 1:3,6,7; 3:11) with an ALPHA PRIVITIVE (asebēs, cf. 2 Pet. 2:5; 3:7; Jude 1:4,15 or asebeō, cf. 2 Pet. 2:6; Jude 1:15). This is a key term in Jude (used six times) and 2 Pet. 2. It is also a common designation of rebellion in I Enoch. These teachers are doctrinally false, which led to moral ungodliness. "By their fruit you shall know them" (cf. Matthew 7, 13).
NASB, NKJV, Peshitta "turn"
NRSV, NJB, REB "pervert"
TEV "distort"
This term (metatithēmi), in this context, implies to change something (in the gospel) by substituting something else (here, from Greek philosophy).
It denotes an intentional change or alteration.
Normally the word means to remove or to transfer (i.e., Heb. 7:12; 11:5).
SPECIAL TOPIC: GNOSTICISM
▣ "the grace of our God into licentiousness" Antinomians/Libertines use God's grace as a license for the flesh (cf. Rom. 6:1-23; 14:16; 1 Pet. 2:16; 2 Pet. 2:19), particularly sexual exploitation. See SPECIAL TOPIC: HUMAN SEXUALITY
The term "grace" can be understood in two ways.
First, as the character of God who loves and receives fallen mankind solely on the basis of His provisions and promises. It has been defined as the undeserved and unmerited love, acceptance, and forgiveness of God. Its synonym would be mercy.
Second, it may be another way of referring to the Christian faith, like "the faith once and for all given to the saints."
Whichever is true, these false teachers are exploiting the loving, forgiving character of God and His people for their own selfish purposes, which is the essence of sin—independence from God. These are wolves in sheep's clothing (cf. Matt. 7:15). The tragedy is that God's people often do not recognize them and even yield themselves to them.
SPECIAL TOPIC: THE FALL OF MANKIND
▣ "deny our only Master and Lord, Jesus Christ" This is the PRESENT MIDDLE (deponent) PARTICIPLE meaning "they continue to deny." Literally, it means "renounce," which may refer to renouncing Christ by their lifestyle (cf. 1 Tim. 5:8; 2 Tim. 3:5; Titus 1:16).
This separation of profession from lifestyle was characteristic of the first-century false teachers. Later Gnosticism (see Special Topic below) asserted that one is saved by secret knowledge of the angelic spheres (aeons) between a high holy god and physical creation. Salvation was an intellectual concern and did not affect one's lifestyle. Jude and James respond harshly to this disjunction between faith and life (following Jesus' teachings in Matthew 5-7).
There is a Greek manuscript variant in v. 4. The NKJV has "deny the only Lord God and our Lord Jesus Christ." The oldest and most reliable Greek texts (P72,78, א, A, B, and C) do not have "God." One ARTICLE seems to identify one person who is (1) master, (2) Lord, and (3) Jesus Christ. The UBS4 gives the shorter reading (NASB) an "A" rating (certain).
SPECIAL TOPIC: GNOSTICISM
SPECIAL TOPIC: CHRIST JESUS AS LORD
SPECIAL TOPIC: TEXTUAL CRITICISM
▣ "Master" Literally this is "despot." This term is also used of Jesus in 2 Pet. 2:1. If Jesus is master of our lives, therefore, we cannot be (cf. Luke 6:46)!
TEXTUAL CRITICISM — Special Topic by Dr. Bob Utley, professor of hermeneutics (retired).
www.freebiblecommentary.org
J.