Stated another way
"those who… them… those" (Group 2) are not spoken of as born again, made holy or made righteous. On the other hand, none of the descriptions of Group 2 is ever used elsewhere in NT as a definite synonym for a saved person!
And this even includes "partakers of the Holy Spirit".
Now if he had stated something like they are "those who possess the seal of the Spirit" or "those who are indwelt by the Holy Spirit", etc, then we would know beyond a shadow of doubt that he was describing genuine believers.
Are there any examples of "Group 2" individuals seen anywhere in Scripture? Clearly, the answer is yes, the prime example being
Judas Iscariot, who even his fellow disciples did not suspect. Was Judas not enlightened? Absolutely, for he traveled for 3 years in the company of the very One Who described Himself as the Light of the World (John 8:12). Judas Iscariot was like "those who" were not in darkness concerning the way of salvation. He had been enlightened but he rejected the light and he gave the Son of God over to be crucified by evil men (compare verse 6 "… since they again crucify to themselves the Son of God, and put Him to open shame.")
Another vivid example is seen in
Acts 8 in Simon Magus of the city of Samaria. Luke records (read all of chapter 8 to get the proper context) that when Simon witnessed the miracles of Paul and the response to Philip's preaching of the good news…
even Simon himself believed; and after being baptized, he continued on with Philip; and as he observed signs and great miracles taking place, he was constantly amazed. (Acts 8:13-see commentary)
Remembering that Acts is a transitional book (from Old Covenant to New Covenant), we read Luke's explanation that these new believers had not yet received the promised Holy Spirit although they had received (accepted deliberately and readily) the Word of God. And so the apostles in Jerusalem sent Peter and John who came to Samaria and prayed for them to receive the Holy Spirit.
For He had not yet fallen upon any of them; they had simply been baptized in the name of the Lord Jesus.
17 Then they began laying their hands on them, and they were receiving the Holy Spirit.
18 Now when Simon saw that the Spirit was bestowed through the laying on of the apostles' hands, he offered them money,
19 saying, "Give this authority to me as well, so that everyone on whom I lay my hands may receive the Holy Spirit."
20 But Peter said to him, "May your silver perish with you, because you thought you could obtain the gift of God with money!
21 "You have no part or portion in this matter, for your heart is not right before God.
22 "Therefore repent of this wickedness of yours, and pray the Lord that if possible, the intention of your heart may be forgiven you.
23 "For I see that you are in the gall of bitterness and in the bondage of iniquity."
24 But Simon answered and said, "Pray to the Lord for me yourselves, so that nothing of what you have said may come upon me." (Acts 8:16-24+)
Clearly Simon had believed but like the demons who believe, he lacked a saving belief as the subsequent events demonstrated. He shared in the experience of the Holy Spirit but there is no direct statement that he ever received the Holy Spirit. In fact Peter's strong words clearly reflect that he did not think Simon was saved.
Finally, Jesus Himself described those who had experienced incredible spiritual power but failed to experience Jesus Himself…
21 "Not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' will enter the kingdom of heaven; but he who does (present tense - HABITUALLY, NOT PERFECTION BUT AT LEAST "DIRECTION" - AKA "HEAVENWARD" AND NOT THE CONVERSE) the will of My Father who is in heaven.
22 "Many (NOTE THIS SAD WORD "MANY") will say to Me on that day, 'Lord, Lord, did we not prophesy in Your name, and in Your name cast out demons, and in Your name perform many miracles?' (NOTE: HE DOES NOT DISPUTE THAT THEY DID THESE THINGS - WE KNOW JUDAS CARRIED OUT SUPERNATURAL ACTS BUT HE WAS NOT SAVED. CLEARLY SUPERNATURAL ACTS DO NOT SAVE. ONLY GENUINE FAITH IN JESUS SAVES!)
23 "And then I will declare to them, 'I never knew you; DEPART FROM ME, YOU WHO PRACTICE (present tense = as their habitual practice, they have never manifested any evidence or fruit of a changed behavior in keeping with true repentance and faith.) LAWLESSNESS.' (Mt 7:21-23- notes Matthew 7:21; 7:22; 7:23)
www.preceptaustin.org
God bless
@mailmandan.
J.