Data on John 1:1

Hi @synergy, glad to be back.


YHWH (יהוה) - The Divine Name
Meaning in Hebrew: YHWH is considered the personal, covenantal name of God in Hebrew, often translated as "the LORD" in English translations to honor Jewish tradition, which avoids pronouncing it directly.

LXX Translation: Κύριος (Kyrios), meaning "Lord" or "Master." This translation reflects the Jewish practice of substituting "Adonai" (meaning "Lord") in place of YHWH out of reverence. "Kyrios" thus became a central term in Greek to signify YHWH’s uniqueness and authority over Israel.

Implications: This term appears frequently in the New Testament, especially in reference to Jesus (e.g., Philippians 2:11, "every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord [Kyrios]"). Early Christians' use of "Kyrios" for Jesus linked Him to the divine identity of YHWH, a profound statement of His divinity within the context of monotheistic Judaism.

2. Elohim (אֱלֹהִים) - God in Majesty
Meaning in Hebrew: Elohim is a plural form of "El," a general Semitic term for "god" or "deity," but it is used with singular verbs and pronouns when referring to the God of Israel, indicating a "plurality of majesty" rather than a literal plural.

LXX Translation: Θεός (Theos), simply meaning "God." This translation is straightforward and functional, and it conveys the monotheistic belief of Jewish tradition while still distinguishing Israel’s God from pagan gods.

Implications: "Theos" in Greek was a familiar term, yet the singular usage without qualifiers (e.g., "the God of Israel") emphasized Israel’s monotheism. In the New Testament, Jesus is often called "Theos" (e.g., John 1:1), another affirmation of His divine nature.

3. Adonai (אֲדֹנָי) - The Lord, My Master
Meaning in Hebrew: Adonai translates to "my Lord" or "my Master." In the Hebrew Bible, it is often used as a respectful substitute for YHWH, particularly in liturgical settings. "Adonai" emphasizes God's sovereign authority.

LXX Translation: Κύριος (Kyrios), identical to the translation of YHWH. The overlap of YHWH and Adonai both being rendered as "Kyrios" in the LXX means that the Greek text doesn’t distinguish between them. However, the context usually clarifies whether "Kyrios" is being used in the sense of the covenantal name YHWH or as a title meaning "Lord."

Implications: When Jesus is referred to as "Kyrios" in the New Testament, it evokes both senses: that of YHWH (covenantal name) and Adonai (lordship). This dual meaning consolidates the early Christian belief in Jesus’ divine authority and identity with YHWH, as seen in verses like Romans 10:9, "Jesus is Lord."

4. Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh (אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה) - "I Am Who I Am" (Exodus 3:14)
Meaning in Hebrew: This phrase, spoken by God to Moses, is commonly translated as "I Am Who I Am" or "I Will Be Who I Will Be." It expresses God’s self-existence, eternity, and unchanging nature.

LXX Translation: ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ ὤν (Ego eimi ho ōn), meaning "I am the One Who Is" or "I am the Being." This phrase in the LXX attempts to capture the eternal, self-sufficient nature of God.

Implications: The Greek "ego eimi" (I am) became an important phrase in the New Testament, especially in the Gospel of John, where Jesus uses it to reveal His divine nature. For example, in John 8:58, Jesus says, "Before Abraham was, I am" (ἐγώ εἰμι), echoing the LXX wording of Exodus 3:14, directly aligning Himself with God’s self-identification.

5. Ehyeh (אֶהְיֶה) - "I Am"
Meaning in Hebrew: This singular form of "I Am" reaffirms God’s self-identification, focusing on His present reality and constancy.

LXX Translation: ἐγώ εἰμι (Ego eimi), "I am." In contexts like Exodus 3:14, where God states "I Am," the LXX translation "ego eimi" reflects the immediacy and personal nature of God's presence with His people.

Implications: This term’s significance in the New Testament, especially in John’s Gospel, is profound. Jesus’ repeated use of "ego eimi" as a self-identifier (e.g., John 6:35, 8:12, 10:11) echoes God’s self-revelation, portraying Jesus as sharing in the same divine, self-existent identity.

6. The God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob (אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם יִצְחָק וְיַעֲקֹב) - Covenant Identity
Meaning in Hebrew: This phrase reflects God’s covenantal relationship with the patriarchs, anchoring God’s identity within the history and promises made to Israel.

LXX Translation: Θεὸς Ἀβραὰμ καὶ Θεὸς Ἰσαὰκ καὶ Θεὸς Ἰακώβ (Theos Abraam kai Theos Isaak kai Theos Iakōb), "God of Abraham and God of Isaac and God of Jacob."

Implications: The continuity of God’s identity from the patriarchs to the New Testament era reinforces the claim of Jesus’ unity with the God of Israel. In passages like Matthew 22:32, Jesus refers to this title, emphasizing that God is "not the God of the dead, but of the living," a profound statement of both the covenantal identity of God and the divine authority Jesus shares.


Septuagint Translations: Greek Old Testament texts available from sources like the Lexham English Septuagint and Brenton’s Septuagint translation.

Interlinear Bibles and Lexicons: Hebrew and Greek language tools, such as the Lexham Hebrew-English Interlinear Bible, the Lexham Greek-English Interlinear Septuagint, and Strong's Concordance, which offer the original language text and translation aids.

Academic Texts on Biblical Theology: Scholarly works such as “Invitation to Biblical Hebrew Syntax” by Russell T. Fuller and “Septuagint and Old Testament Studies” provide background on the translation choices made in the LXX, particularly around names of God.

Early Christian Writings and Lexicons: Early church writings, along with lexicons like BDAG (A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature), contribute insights on how Greek terms were used in the context of Jesus' divinity.

Hope this is helpful.

J.
Thanks a lot. How did you come up with all that information so quickly?

A quick run through your information clearly proves that Jesus is YHWH and Adonai by virtue of being called Lord, he is Elohim by virtue of John 1:1, and he is "I Am" as he said so himself in John 8:58.

The not so obvious one is "God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" name. Here you have to bring in the Theophany of the Trinity to prove that the Preincarnate Jesus is present when God declared his name as such in Ex 3:14-16.

Thus, this is unmistakable proof that only obstinate Judaizers like Unitarians, JWs, and Muslims are not only blind but also deaf to the Deity of Christ.
 
Thanks a lot. How did you come up with all that information so quickly?

A quick run through your information clearly proves that Jesus is YHWH and Adonai by virtue of being called Lord, he is Elohim by virtue of John 1:1, and he is "I Am" as he said so himself in John 8:58.

The not so obvious one is "God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" name. Here you have to bring in the Theophany of the Trinity to prove that the Preincarnate Jesus is present when God declared his name as such in Ex 3:14-16.

Thus, this is unmistakable proof that only obstinate Judaizers like Unitarians, JWs, and Muslims are not only blind but also deaf to the Deity of Christ.
I have ChatGPT Plus for enhanced access, and with so many here skeptical about AI, I’m well-prepared to cross-reference any outputs. I rely on my e-Sword and Word software to ensure everything aligns accurately.

Maybe you can give this a try?
Also, there is the OJB Bible available on e sword--
Johann.
 
It seems it would have been clearly stated in the Bible and in the earliest Christian creeds if the doctrine of the Trinity was genuine and central to Christian belief and especially if belief in it was necessary for salvation as many Trinitarians teach. God gave the Scriptures to the Jewish people, and the Jewish religion and worship that comes from that revelation does not contain any reference to or teachings about a triune God. Surely the Jewish people were qualified to read and understand it, but they never saw the doctrine of the Trinity, but rather just the opposite as all throughout their history they fiercely defended the fact that there was only one God. Jesus himself tied the greatest commandment in the Law together with there being only one God when an expert in Old Testament law asked him which of the commandments was the most important. Jesus said to him “The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God….” (Mark 12:29-30).
do you believe in original sin ? yes or no
 
I have ChatGPT Plus for enhanced access, and with so many here skeptical about AI, I’m well-prepared to cross-reference any outputs. I rely on my e-Sword and Word software to ensure everything aligns accurately.

Maybe you can give this a try?
Also, there is the OJB Bible available on e sword--
Johann.
I was only able to find ChatGPT, not ChatGPT Plus on Google Play for Androids. Where did you download ChatGPT Plus?

What is the OJB Bible? What does OJB stand for?
 
I was only able to find ChatGPT, not ChatGPT Plus on Google Play for Androids. Where did you download ChatGPT Plus?

What is the OJB Bible? What does OJB stand for?
Orthodox Jewish Bible 1730554916750.png @synergy

Dr. Phillip Goble is considered a leading scholar in his area of theological expertise. His books are referenced in dictionaries of major publishers. His Bible translation work is known in Israel and all over the world.
The Orthodox Jewish Bible, completed by Phillip Goble in 2002, is an English language version that applies Yiddish and Hasidic cultural expressions to the Messianic Bible.

The Orthodox Jewish Brit Chadasha (New Covenant), translated by Dr. Philip Goble, is a Hebrew version of the New Testament books. It presents a Messianic account of the life and times of Yehoshua (Jesus) and his disciples with vocabulary that is consistent with present-day Jewish orthodoxy.

This English translation is deliberately literal, word-for-word, even preserving the orginal idioms and verb tenses. The purpose of the literal approach is to preserve the Jewish flavour of the original. The text contains numerous cross-references to other passages of the Hebrew Scriptures. Proper names, many key biblical terms, and actual quotations from the Scriptures remain in Rabbinic Hebrew in the text of the translation; however, they are transliterated, and an extensive glossary at the back of the book enables the non-specialist to understand their meanings.

Nevertheless, this is not a version for the uninformed Gentile reader, as it requires at least a basic knowledge of Jewish history and tradition.


A taste and feel--I use it to compare other versions.

Bereshis (in the Beginning) was the Dvar Hashem [YESHAYAH 55:11; BERESHIS 1:1], and the Dvar Hashem was agav (along with) Hashem [MISHLE 8:30; 30:4], and the Dvar Hashem was nothing less, by nature, than Elohim! [Psa 56:11(10); Yn 17:5; Rev. 19:13]
Joh 1:2 Bereshis (in the Beginning) this Dvar Hashem was with Hashem [Prov 8:30].

Joh 1:3 All things through him came to be, and without him came to be not one thing which came into being. [Ps 33:6,9; Prov 30:4]
Joh 1:4 In him was Chayyim (Life) and the Chayyim (Life) was the Ohr (Light) of Bnei Adam. [TEHILLIM 36:10 (9)]


To access the paid version of ChatGPT (ChatGPT Plus), visit OpenAI's official website and sign in or create an account. Once logged in, you can select the Plus plan to upgrade. ChatGPT Plus provides access to the enhanced GPT-4 model, faster response times, and priority access.

--and you're good to go brother. Utley is also an excellent Bible Software.

Johann.
 
As I’ve said, my goal isn’t to push you to believe exactly as I do; as long as the Deity of the Messiah is upheld, that’s what matters, and I have no doubts about your salvation.

What I appreciate about this doctrine is how it encourages us to be like the Bereans-examining Scripture carefully, digging deeply, and staying actively engaged with God’s Word.

Other than that, all good.

J.
GINOLJC, to all.
this is the correct attitude as brothers and sister must have. just tell what you have in christ. answer all question to your ability, and let the Lord Jesus do the rest with all our hearts. 101G commend you brother in your attitude. no one can change another heart, let God his word do that. just speak the truth by scriptures for the sword/scriptures with search out all our hearts...

keep up the good work brother.

101G.
 
Hi Johann,

Good to see you back, my friend.

Could you do me a favor? Could you list out the Hebrew names of God and what Greek word they were translated to in the Septuagint (LXX)? I'm particularly interested in YHWH, Elohim, Adonai, and the names God assigned to himself in Ex 3:14-16.
Some more

1.JEHOVAH ELOHIM.
“These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God [Jehovah Elohim] made the earth and the heavens.…” (Gn. 2:4). This name identifies Jehovah with the creation of all things. The Triune God of Creation is also the Redeemer of His people.
2.JEHOVAH JIREH.
“And Abraham called the name of that place The Lord Will Provide [Jehovah Jireh], as it is said to this day, ‘In the mount of the Lord it will be provided’ (Gn. 22:14, NASB). God PROVIDED a substitute for Isaac, that he might go free; He has likewise provided for us, once for all, a substitute, the Lamb of God. “He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?” (Rom. 8:32)
3.JEHOVAH RAPHA.
“And He said, ‘If you will give earnest heed to the voice of the Lord your God, and do what is right in His sight, and give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you which I have put on the Egyptians; for I, the Lord, am your HEALER’ ” (Ex. 15:26, NASB). Jehovah here reveals His personal relationship as the HEALER of His people. Since the promise related to physical diseases, the healing must also be physical healing. There are a significant number of physical healings in the Old Testament which exemplify this attribute. The promise is conditional upon obedience however, which explains why the physical healings were not more common. A very large part of the ministry of Jesus and His Apostles was given to physical healing. The Church has been given “gifts of healings” (1 Cor. 12:9) and the conditions of obedience still apply to God’s people.
4.JEHOVAH NISSI.
“And Moses built an altar, and named it The Lord is My Banner.…” (Ex. 17:15, NASB). The Israelites had just been victorious in the battle with Amalek. Aaron and Hur had held up the hands of Moses until sunset, and while they did so Israel prevailed. To commemorate the victory, an altar was built and named Jehovah Nissi (Ex. 17:8–15). The Lord is our banner of victory, in the battle, “and His banner over us is love.” (See Sg. 2:4.)
5.JEHOVAH SHALOM.
“Then Gideon built an altar there to the Lord and named it The Lord is Peace [Jehovah Shalom]” (Jgs. 6:24, NASB). When God was calling Gideon to lead Israel to victory over the Midianites, an angel appeared to him and wrought a miracle. Gideon supposed that he would die as a result. Jehovah assured him that he would live and lead Israel to triumph. Jehovah was PEACE to him, even before the battles began. Shalom (peace) means more than freedom from conflict; it means prosperity, health, well-being, and faith in the face of conflict. Jesus said, “My peace I give unto you.” (Jn. 14:27). (See also Eph. 2:15, 16).
6.JEHOVAH RAAH.
“The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want” (Ps. 23:1). It was consoling to Israel to think of Jehovah as the great Shepherd of their flock, who provided such rich pastures that none needed to suffer want. What assurance there is to the Christian believer in the words of Jesus, “I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep” (Jn. 10:11). And, “When the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away” (1 Pt. 5:4).
7.JEHOVAH TSIDKENU.
“In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS” (Jer. 23:6). Paul wrote concerning Jesus our Savior: “But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and RIGHTEOUSNESS, and sanctification, and redemption.…” (1 Cor. 1:30).
8.JEHOVAH SABAOTH.
“Who is this King of glory? The Lord of hosts [Jehovah Sabaoth], he is the King of glory” (Ps. 24:10). (See 1 Sm. 1:3). Elisha found that the Lord of hosts surrounded His people in times of attacks by the enemy. (2 Kgs. 6:13–17).
9.JEHOVAH SHAMMAH.
“It was round about eighteen thousand measures; and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is THERE” (Ez. 48:35). How strengthening it is to know that the Transcendent God who created the vast universe is also the Immanent God ever present with His people! The writer of Hebrews declared: “… for he hath said, I will never leave thee nor forsake thee. So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me” (Heb. 13:5, 6).
 
Some more

1.JEHOVAH ELOHIM.
“These are the generations of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the Lord God [Jehovah Elohim] made the earth and the heavens.…” (Gn. 2:4). This name identifies Jehovah with the creation of all things. The Triune God of Creation is also the Redeemer of His people.
2.JEHOVAH JIREH.
“And Abraham called the name of that place The Lord Will Provide [Jehovah Jireh], as it is said to this day, ‘In the mount of the Lord it will be provided’ (Gn. 22:14, NASB). God PROVIDED a substitute for Isaac, that he might go free; He has likewise provided for us, once for all, a substitute, the Lamb of God. “He that spared not his own Son, but delivered him up for us all, how shall he not with him also freely give us all things?” (Rom. 8:32)
3.JEHOVAH RAPHA.
“And He said, ‘If you will give earnest heed to the voice of the Lord your God, and do what is right in His sight, and give ear to His commandments, and keep all His statutes, I will put none of the diseases on you which I have put on the Egyptians; for I, the Lord, am your HEALER’ ” (Ex. 15:26, NASB). Jehovah here reveals His personal relationship as the HEALER of His people. Since the promise related to physical diseases, the healing must also be physical healing. There are a significant number of physical healings in the Old Testament which exemplify this attribute. The promise is conditional upon obedience however, which explains why the physical healings were not more common. A very large part of the ministry of Jesus and His Apostles was given to physical healing. The Church has been given “gifts of healings” (1 Cor. 12:9) and the conditions of obedience still apply to God’s people.
4.JEHOVAH NISSI.
“And Moses built an altar, and named it The Lord is My Banner.…” (Ex. 17:15, NASB). The Israelites had just been victorious in the battle with Amalek. Aaron and Hur had held up the hands of Moses until sunset, and while they did so Israel prevailed. To commemorate the victory, an altar was built and named Jehovah Nissi (Ex. 17:8–15). The Lord is our banner of victory, in the battle, “and His banner over us is love.” (See Sg. 2:4.)
5.JEHOVAH SHALOM.
“Then Gideon built an altar there to the Lord and named it The Lord is Peace [Jehovah Shalom]” (Jgs. 6:24, NASB). When God was calling Gideon to lead Israel to victory over the Midianites, an angel appeared to him and wrought a miracle. Gideon supposed that he would die as a result. Jehovah assured him that he would live and lead Israel to triumph. Jehovah was PEACE to him, even before the battles began. Shalom (peace) means more than freedom from conflict; it means prosperity, health, well-being, and faith in the face of conflict. Jesus said, “My peace I give unto you.” (Jn. 14:27). (See also Eph. 2:15, 16).
6.JEHOVAH RAAH.
“The Lord is my shepherd, I shall not want” (Ps. 23:1). It was consoling to Israel to think of Jehovah as the great Shepherd of their flock, who provided such rich pastures that none needed to suffer want. What assurance there is to the Christian believer in the words of Jesus, “I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd giveth his life for the sheep” (Jn. 10:11). And, “When the chief Shepherd shall appear, ye shall receive a crown of glory that fadeth not away” (1 Pt. 5:4).
7.JEHOVAH TSIDKENU.
“In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely: and this is his name whereby he shall be called, THE LORD OUR RIGHTEOUSNESS” (Jer. 23:6). Paul wrote concerning Jesus our Savior: “But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and RIGHTEOUSNESS, and sanctification, and redemption.…” (1 Cor. 1:30).
8.JEHOVAH SABAOTH.
“Who is this King of glory? The Lord of hosts [Jehovah Sabaoth], he is the King of glory” (Ps. 24:10). (See 1 Sm. 1:3). Elisha found that the Lord of hosts surrounded His people in times of attacks by the enemy. (2 Kgs. 6:13–17).
9.JEHOVAH SHAMMAH.
“It was round about eighteen thousand measures; and the name of the city from that day shall be, The LORD is THERE” (Ez. 48:35). How strengthening it is to know that the Transcendent God who created the vast universe is also the Immanent God ever present with His people! The writer of Hebrews declared: “… for he hath said, I will never leave thee nor forsake thee. So that we may boldly say, The Lord is my helper, and I will not fear what man shall do unto me” (Heb. 13:5, 6).
So the name Jehovah is translated to
Κύριος in the Septuagint, just like the name YHWH is. Many believe that Jehovah and YHWH are synonymous.

The fact that Jesus was repeatedly called Κύριος (Jehovah) by the Apostles also points to the fact that Jesus was considered God by the Apostles. This shows that all Judaizers (Unitarians, JWs, Muslims, etc....) have been exposed as Heretics.
 
So the name Jehovah is translated to
Κύριος in the Septuagint, just like the name YHWH is. Many believe that Jehovah and YHWH are synonymous.

The fact that Jesus was repeatedly called Κύριος (Jehovah) by the Apostles also points to the fact that Jesus was considered God by the Apostles. This shows that all Judaizers (Unitarians, JWs, Muslims, etc....) have been exposed as Heretics.
first not saying that you're right or wrong but consider this. was God Name ever Jehovah? case in point. Exodus 6:2 "And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD:" Exodus 6:3 "And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them."

God said by the name, "God Almighty" was he KNOWN of Abraham, correct. now this, when Abraham obeyed God to sacrifice his own son, this is recorded. Genesis 22:13 "And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son." Genesis 22:14 "And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen."

Jehovahjireh? did not God said Abraham did not know him by that name...... "JEHOVAH" ... so why is it in Abraham mouth then? because it was NOT. the translators put it in Abraham mouth just as they did with the Name itself.

Now the question is, what is God proper/PERSONAL name. is it Jehovah, English or Yahweh, in Hebrew. well it's neither, Jehovah, nor Yahweh. lets see how they (the translators) derived those names from the tetragrammaton. the first and biggest mistake is that "IAM" where these come from is a verb and NOT and NOUN. verbs are actions words...... I AM KING, I AM SAVIOUR, REDEEMER.... ect, but the word "JEHOVAH" was formed by merging the three vowels (e, o, and a) into the Romanized (Latinized) four letter version JHVH to get, JeHoVaH. and the word "YAHWEH" was formed by merging the vowels (a, and e), into the four letter version to get, YaHWeH. so we have the English man made, and the Hebrew man made form of God's supposed unpronounced name. here is the mistake. they, (the translator), added vowels to the four letter consonant, to make up a name to pronounce. one can never add or take away from the WORD of God. they added vowels to give God a personal name, because they knew that YHWH is a verb, and not a noun. and because the suppose name was lost, which the Jews said was forbidden to pronounce, they made a guess at the name where pointers should be. this was a grave mistake on their part. when you add to the word of God you just put the noose around your neck. arbitrarily, the translators injected the vowels into the four letter consonant to come up with the names, "YaHWeH", and, "JeHoVaH".

but the bible corrects this mistake, Isaiah 52:6 "Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I." WHAT DAY WAS THAT? answer,

John 8:24 "I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins." John 8:25 "Then said they unto him, Who art thou? And Jesus saith unto them, Even the same that I said unto you from the beginning." John 8:26 "I have many things to say and to judge of you: but he that sent me is true; and I speak to the world those things which I have heard of him."

I AM ..... he.... I AM he... plain as day, JESUS is the God almighty, the Lod God just as the bible clearly states.

be blessed

101G.
 
first not saying that you're right or wrong but consider this. was God Name ever Jehovah? case in point. Exodus 6:2 "And God spake unto Moses, and said unto him, I am the LORD:" Exodus 6:3 "And I appeared unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, by the name of God Almighty, but by my name JEHOVAH was I not known to them."

God said by the name, "God Almighty" was he KNOWN of Abraham, correct. now this, when Abraham obeyed God to sacrifice his own son, this is recorded. Genesis 22:13 "And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son." Genesis 22:14 "And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen."

Jehovahjireh? did not God said Abraham did not know him by that name...... "JEHOVAH" ... so why is it in Abraham mouth then? because it was NOT. the translators put it in Abraham mouth just as they did with the Name itself.

Now the question is, what is God proper/PERSONAL name. is it Jehovah, English or Yahweh, in Hebrew. well it's neither, Jehovah, nor Yahweh. lets see how they (the translators) derived those names from the tetragrammaton. the first and biggest mistake is that "IAM" where these come from is a verb and NOT and NOUN. verbs are actions words...... I AM KING, I AM SAVIOUR, REDEEMER.... ect, but the word "JEHOVAH" was formed by merging the three vowels (e, o, and a) into the Romanized (Latinized) four letter version JHVH to get, JeHoVaH. and the word "YAHWEH" was formed by merging the vowels (a, and e), into the four letter version to get, YaHWeH. so we have the English man made, and the Hebrew man made form of God's supposed unpronounced name. here is the mistake. they, (the translator), added vowels to the four letter consonant, to make up a name to pronounce. one can never add or take away from the WORD of God. they added vowels to give God a personal name, because they knew that YHWH is a verb, and not a noun. and because the suppose name was lost, which the Jews said was forbidden to pronounce, they made a guess at the name where pointers should be. this was a grave mistake on their part. when you add to the word of God you just put the noose around your neck. arbitrarily, the translators injected the vowels into the four letter consonant to come up with the names, "YaHWeH", and, "JeHoVaH".

but the bible corrects this mistake, Isaiah 52:6 "Therefore my people shall know my name: therefore they shall know in that day that I am he that doth speak: behold, it is I." WHAT DAY WAS THAT? answer,

John 8:24 "I said therefore unto you, that ye shall die in your sins: for if ye believe not that I am he, ye shall die in your sins." John 8:25 "Then said they unto him, Who art thou? And Jesus saith unto them, Even the same that I said unto you from the beginning." John 8:26 "I have many things to say and to judge of you: but he that sent me is true; and I speak to the world those things which I have heard of him."

I AM ..... he.... I AM he... plain as day, JESUS is the God almighty, the Lod God just as the bible clearly states.

be blessed

101G.
Jesus is Jehovah but not the Father. The Word of God (Preincarnate Jesus) is who appeared to the OT Prophets as YHWH. But that does not make him the Father. John 1:1 proves that there are (at least) 2 Deities "the Word was with (face to face) God".
 
do you believe in original sin ? yes or no
Can't answer just yes or no for this question because there's the original sin and then there's this sin nature that Christians still think they have.

We undergo a miraculous exchange at the center of our being once we have the spirit of Christ. Who we were in Adam is no longer there. We become a new person because we are now a child of God who is in Christ. The key event causing this exchange is a death, burial, and resurrection with Christ. This miraculous exchange is not figurative or symbolic, but literal and actual.

The spiritual part of every Christian has literally and actually been crucified, buried, and raised with Christ. The fact that this occurs spiritually and not physically doesn’t make it any less real. So what happens to the old self that was in Adam? The old self is entirely obliterated once the spirit of Christ enters the Christian. I know this comes as a complete shock to many of you who have been indoctrinated in the-old-nature-versus-the-new-nature theology. Most Christians have been taught to believe that after salvation, they are still the same at their core, and they live the rest of their lives trying to restrain this old nature. They believe they have two natures.
 
This is error.

Your statement “God was the Lord until He made Jesus both Lord and Christ when He raised him out from among the dead. Thus, there's 2 different Lord's and not that they are the same" misunderstands the New Testament usage of "Lord" and ignores essential Greek syntax and the monotheistic context of Scripture.

Acts 2:36 clarifies, "Therefore let all the house of Israel know for certain that God has made this Jesus whom you crucified both Lord (κύριος, kyrios) and Christ (χριστός, Christos)." In Greek syntax, “Lord” here does not suggest a change in the essence of divinity. Rather, the phrase means that God the Father declared and revealed Jesus as the Lord, aligning with His divine authority and mission.

Lexham Syntax highlights that “Lord” (κύριος) was already a title for Jesus (e.g., Philippians 2:11), denoting His divine role within the Godhead. This declaration reflects a functional title granted upon His resurrection and not a new separate entity or role apart from God’s unified nature.

1 Corinthians 8:6 expresses monotheism, stating, “yet for us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things, and we exist for Him; and one Lord, Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we exist through Him.” Greek morphology and syntax clarify that both Father and Son share the divine title of “Lord” without division.

In sum, the phrase "God made Jesus Lord" does not denote a new or secondary Lord but affirms Jesus’ divine authority, manifested through His resurrection as part of the unified Godhead, as consistent with New Testament language and the syntax in Acts 2:36.

J.
Lord: Mighty, principal ruler. He who assumes and exercises the power, while really possesses it as unlimited. Refers to Christ, and denotes his position of master in relation to his people, as he who has ownership and authority over them. Has the right and authority to institute, and command.

Philippians 2:11
And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

The title "Lord" (Greek, Kurious) as Kittel's observes, means "one who has full authority." In the Old Testament, God alone had "full authority" and filled both functions of Creator (Elohim) and Lord (Jehovah). Jehovah is used in connection with men with whom He has entered into some kind of covenant, starting with Adam in Genesis 2:7, and including Israel. Several redemptive characteristics and divine functions are associated with the sacred name Jehovah (Yahweh), including giving righteousness (Jeremiah 23:6), healing (Exodus 15:26), sanctification (Exodus 31:13), providing (Genesis 22:14), protection from enemies (Exodus 17:15), giving peace (Judges 6:24), and being continually present (Ezekiel 48:35). These functions can be assumed and/or delegated by persons having the authority. God has delegated many, if not all of these divine functions to Jesus Christ to share in as "Lord."
 
You ignored the verse

Mark 12:29 one lord - heis kurios

1 Corinthians 8:6 (LEB) — 6 yet to us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things, and we are for him, and there is one Lord, (heis kurios) Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we are through him.

As God in his pre-human state

John 1:1 (LEB) — 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

He certainly was lord
I do not ignore verses. I did not respond to all of your verse mostly because I do not see your point.
 
So the name Jehovah is translated to
Κύριος in the Septuagint, just like the name YHWH is. Many believe that Jehovah and YHWH are synonymous.

The fact that Jesus was repeatedly called Κύριος (Jehovah) by the Apostles also points to the fact that Jesus was considered God by the Apostles. This shows that all Judaizers (Unitarians, JWs, Muslims, etc....) have been exposed as Heretics.
Jehovah actually does not appear in the Hebrew Old Testament

At best it is a guess how the Letters YHWH should read
 
I don't deny Scripture. I deny your view of Scripture.
Nope those are scriptures and with them come many more where Christ is given/claims titles belonging to God alone. Add to that Old Testament events attributed to YHWH but it in New Testament they are attributed to Christ
 
I do not ignore verses. I did not respond to all of your verse mostly because I do not see your point.
That is just an excuse to ignore it

You ignored the verse

Mark 12:29 one lord - heis kurios

Mark 12:29 (KJV 1900) — 29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: (heis kurios)


1 Corinthians 8:6 (LEB) — 6 yet to us there is one God, the Father, from whom are all things, and we are for him, and there is one Lord, (heis kurios) Jesus Christ, through whom are all things, and we are through him.

The one lord of the New Testament version of the shema is Jesus

As God in his pre-human state

John 1:1 (LEB) — 1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

He certainly was lord
 
Can't answer just yes or no for this question because there's the original sin and then there's this sin nature that Christians still think they have.

We undergo a miraculous exchange at the center of our being once we have the spirit of Christ. Who we were in Adam is no longer there. We become a new person because we are now a child of God who is in Christ. The key event causing this exchange is a death, burial, and resurrection with Christ. This miraculous exchange is not figurative or symbolic, but literal and actual.

The spiritual part of every Christian has literally and actually been crucified, buried, and raised with Christ. The fact that this occurs spiritually and not physically doesn’t make it any less real. So what happens to the old self that was in Adam? The old self is entirely obliterated once the spirit of Christ enters the Christian. I know this comes as a complete shock to many of you who have been indoctrinated in the-old-nature-versus-the-new-nature theology. Most Christians have been taught to believe that after salvation, they are still the same at their core, and they live the rest of their lives trying to restrain this old nature. They believe they have two natures.
I’m asking what condition is man born into , are all men born with original sin having a sin nature from birth ? Yes or no
 
Lord: Mighty, principal ruler. He who assumes and exercises the power, while really possesses it as unlimited. Refers to Christ, and denotes his position of master in relation to his people, as he who has ownership and authority over them. Has the right and authority to institute, and command.

Philippians 2:11
And that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

The title "Lord" (Greek, Kurious) as Kittel's observes, means "one who has full authority." In the Old Testament, God alone had "full authority" and filled both functions of Creator (Elohim) and Lord (Jehovah). Jehovah is used in connection with men with whom He has entered into some kind of covenant, starting with Adam in Genesis 2:7, and including Israel. Several redemptive characteristics and divine functions are associated with the sacred name Jehovah (Yahweh), including giving righteousness (Jeremiah 23:6), healing (Exodus 15:26), sanctification (Exodus 31:13), providing (Genesis 22:14), protection from enemies (Exodus 17:15), giving peace (Judges 6:24), and being continually present (Ezekiel 48:35). These functions can be assumed and/or delegated by persons having the authority. God has delegated many, if not all of these divine functions to Jesus Christ to share in as "Lord."
Another error @Peterlag-


The Title "Lord" (Greek: Κύριος / Hebrew: YHWH)

Greek and Hebrew Equivalence in the LXX
Kurios (Κύριος) in Greek translates YHWH (יהוה) in the Septuagint (LXX) and emphasizes divine authority.

When Jesus is referred to as Kurios, it invokes a deep connection to YHWH—not merely as an honorific title but as a declaration of His inherent divinity.

This term is used in Philippians 2:11, where Paul declares that "every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord," directly linking to Isaiah 45:23 where every knee bows to YHWH.

YHWH (יהוה), God’s personal and covenantal name, carries unique divine authority that is never delegated in a lesser form.

The Old Testament describes YHWH as the eternal, self-existent Creator with the ultimate sovereignty over all things (Exodus 3:14-15). By applying Kurios to Jesus, New Testament writers affirm that He shares in this eternal identity and authority of YHWH, rather than acting with delegated or subordinate authority.

The New Testament Affirmation of Jesus as YHWH:
Compound Names and Roles Fulfilled in Jesus
Jehovah Tsidkenu (יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ) – The Lord Our Righteousness (Jeremiah 23:6)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus embodies this title in passages like 1 Corinthians 1:30, where He is called "our righteousness," indicating that He imparts divine righteousness to believers, not as an agent but as the source.
Jehovah-Rapha (יהוה רָפָא) – The Lord Who Heals (Exodus 15:26)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus' healing ministry (Matthew 8:17, "He Himself took our infirmities") fulfills this role. His authority over illness demonstrates not a delegated power but a manifestation of divine healing inherent to YHWH.
Jehovah-Shalom (יהוה שָׁלוֹם) – The Lord Is Peace (Judges 6:24)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus is referred to as the "Prince of Peace" (Isaiah 9:6) and declares His peace as divine (John 14:27, "My peace I give to you"). This is not an external peace but one that only YHWH could offer.
Jehovah-Jireh (יהוה יִרְאֵה) – The Lord Will Provide (Genesis 22:14)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus as "the bread of life" (John 6:35) and "the Lamb of God" (John 1:29) signifies divine provision for humanity’s greatest needs—salvation and sustenance, which YHWH alone provides.
Jehovah-Nissi (יהוה נִסִּי) – The Lord Our Banner (Exodus 17:15)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Through His sacrificial death and resurrection, Jesus is exalted (Philippians 2:9) as the victorious banner of salvation under which all may rally.
Jehovah-Shammah (יהוה שָׁמָּה) – The Lord Is There (Ezekiel 48:35)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus' name, Emmanuel ("God with us" – Matthew 1:23), reflects YHWH's continual presence. Jesus fulfills this title fully by dwelling among His people and promising to remain with them (Matthew 28:20).

Jesus as I Am (Ἐγώ εἰμι)

In John 8:58, Jesus explicitly uses the phrase “I am” (Ἐγώ εἰμι), echoing YHWH’s self-revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:14 ("I AM WHO I AM").

This declaration of I Am by Jesus does not imply delegated authority but rather asserts His identification with the eternal self-existence of YHWH. This link to the divine name was understood as blasphemous by the religious leaders unless Jesus indeed shared in YHWH’s identity.

So, to summarize- Unified Divine Identity, Not Delegated Authority

The New Testament's consistent use of Kurios for Jesus, its Old Testament roots in YHWH, and the application of covenantal titles such as "I Am" affirm that Jesus is fully YHWH. He does not operate under delegated authority but rather embodies the roles and attributes of YHWH as Creator, Redeemer, and Sustainer. Thus, Jesus is not merely a Lord but the Lord, fulfilling every divine title and covenant function attributed to YHWH in the Old Testament.

Thus--


Jehovah Tsidkenu (The Lord Our Righteousness)
Old Testament: Jeremiah 23:6 – "In His days Judah will be saved...and this is the name by which He will be called: 'The Lord Our Righteousness.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: 1 Corinthians 1:30 – "And because of Him, you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption."

2. Jehovah-Rapha (The Lord Who Heals)
Old Testament: Exodus 15:26 – "I am the Lord who heals you."

Fulfillment in Jesus: Matthew 8:16-17 – "He took our illnesses and bore our diseases," fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy; also Acts 10:38 – "He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed."

3. Jehovah-Shalom (The Lord Is Peace)
Old Testament: Judges 6:24 – "Then Gideon built an altar there to the Lord and called it, 'The Lord Is Peace.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Isaiah 9:6 – "Prince of Peace"; John 14:27 – "My peace I give to you"; Ephesians 2:14 – "For He Himself is our peace."

4. Jehovah-Jireh (The Lord Will Provide)
Old Testament: Genesis 22:14 – "Abraham called the name of that place, 'The Lord Will Provide.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 6:35 – "I am the bread of life"; Philippians 4:19 – "My God will supply every need of yours."

5. Jehovah-Nissi (The Lord Our Banner)
Old Testament: Exodus 17:15 – "Moses built an altar and called the name of it, 'The Lord is My Banner.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 12:32 – "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself."

6. Jehovah-Shammah (The Lord Is There)
Old Testament: Ezekiel 48:35 – "And the name of the city from that time on shall be, 'The Lord Is There.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Matthew 1:23 – "They shall call His name Emmanuel (which means, God with us)"; Matthew 28:20 – "I am with you always."

7. I Am (Ἐγώ εἰμι)
Old Testament: Exodus 3:14 – "I AM WHO I AM...say this to the people of Israel: 'I AM has sent me to you.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 8:58 – "Before Abraham was, I am."

8. Kyrios (Lord) Signifying Divine Authority
Old Testament Usage in the LXX for YHWH: Psalm 110:1 – "The Lord said to my Lord, 'Sit at my right hand.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Philippians 2:9-11 – "Every knee should bow...and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord"; Acts 2:36 – "God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ."

Other Titles and Functions
Elohim (Creator, Mighty God)

Old Testament: Genesis 1:1 – "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth."
Fulfillment in Jesus: John 1:1-3 – "In the beginning was the Word...all things were made through Him"; Colossians 1:16-17 – "By Him all things were created."
Son of Man

Old Testament: Daniel 7:13 – "One like a son of man...was given dominion."
Fulfillment in Jesus: Mark 14:61-62 – Jesus claims this title in response to the high priest.
The Word (Logos)

Old Testament Connection: Wisdom and Word of God in creation narratives, Proverbs 8.
Fulfillment in Jesus: John 1:1-14 – "The Word became flesh."

J.
 
Another error @Peterlag-


The Title "Lord" (Greek: Κύριος / Hebrew: YHWH)

Greek and Hebrew Equivalence in the LXX
Kurios (Κύριος) in Greek translates YHWH (יהוה) in the Septuagint (LXX) and emphasizes divine authority.

When Jesus is referred to as Kurios, it invokes a deep connection to YHWH—not merely as an honorific title but as a declaration of His inherent divinity.

This term is used in Philippians 2:11, where Paul declares that "every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord," directly linking to Isaiah 45:23 where every knee bows to YHWH.

YHWH (יהוה), God’s personal and covenantal name, carries unique divine authority that is never delegated in a lesser form.

The Old Testament describes YHWH as the eternal, self-existent Creator with the ultimate sovereignty over all things (Exodus 3:14-15). By applying Kurios to Jesus, New Testament writers affirm that He shares in this eternal identity and authority of YHWH, rather than acting with delegated or subordinate authority.

The New Testament Affirmation of Jesus as YHWH:
Compound Names and Roles Fulfilled in Jesus
Jehovah Tsidkenu (יהוה צִדְקֵנוּ) – The Lord Our Righteousness (Jeremiah 23:6)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus embodies this title in passages like 1 Corinthians 1:30, where He is called "our righteousness," indicating that He imparts divine righteousness to believers, not as an agent but as the source.
Jehovah-Rapha (יהוה רָפָא) – The Lord Who Heals (Exodus 15:26)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus' healing ministry (Matthew 8:17, "He Himself took our infirmities") fulfills this role. His authority over illness demonstrates not a delegated power but a manifestation of divine healing inherent to YHWH.
Jehovah-Shalom (יהוה שָׁלוֹם) – The Lord Is Peace (Judges 6:24)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus is referred to as the "Prince of Peace" (Isaiah 9:6) and declares His peace as divine (John 14:27, "My peace I give to you"). This is not an external peace but one that only YHWH could offer.
Jehovah-Jireh (יהוה יִרְאֵה) – The Lord Will Provide (Genesis 22:14)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus as "the bread of life" (John 6:35) and "the Lamb of God" (John 1:29) signifies divine provision for humanity’s greatest needs—salvation and sustenance, which YHWH alone provides.
Jehovah-Nissi (יהוה נִסִּי) – The Lord Our Banner (Exodus 17:15)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Through His sacrificial death and resurrection, Jesus is exalted (Philippians 2:9) as the victorious banner of salvation under which all may rally.
Jehovah-Shammah (יהוה שָׁמָּה) – The Lord Is There (Ezekiel 48:35)

Fulfilled in Jesus: Jesus' name, Emmanuel ("God with us" – Matthew 1:23), reflects YHWH's continual presence. Jesus fulfills this title fully by dwelling among His people and promising to remain with them (Matthew 28:20).

Jesus as I Am (Ἐγώ εἰμι)

In John 8:58, Jesus explicitly uses the phrase “I am” (Ἐγώ εἰμι), echoing YHWH’s self-revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:14 ("I AM WHO I AM").

This declaration of I Am by Jesus does not imply delegated authority but rather asserts His identification with the eternal self-existence of YHWH. This link to the divine name was understood as blasphemous by the religious leaders unless Jesus indeed shared in YHWH’s identity.

So, to summarize- Unified Divine Identity, Not Delegated Authority

The New Testament's consistent use of Kurios for Jesus, its Old Testament roots in YHWH, and the application of covenantal titles such as "I Am" affirm that Jesus is fully YHWH. He does not operate under delegated authority but rather embodies the roles and attributes of YHWH as Creator, Redeemer, and Sustainer. Thus, Jesus is not merely a Lord but the Lord, fulfilling every divine title and covenant function attributed to YHWH in the Old Testament.

Thus--


Jehovah Tsidkenu (The Lord Our Righteousness)
Old Testament: Jeremiah 23:6 – "In His days Judah will be saved...and this is the name by which He will be called: 'The Lord Our Righteousness.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: 1 Corinthians 1:30 – "And because of Him, you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption."

2. Jehovah-Rapha (The Lord Who Heals)
Old Testament: Exodus 15:26 – "I am the Lord who heals you."

Fulfillment in Jesus: Matthew 8:16-17 – "He took our illnesses and bore our diseases," fulfilling Isaiah's prophecy; also Acts 10:38 – "He went about doing good and healing all who were oppressed."

3. Jehovah-Shalom (The Lord Is Peace)
Old Testament: Judges 6:24 – "Then Gideon built an altar there to the Lord and called it, 'The Lord Is Peace.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Isaiah 9:6 – "Prince of Peace"; John 14:27 – "My peace I give to you"; Ephesians 2:14 – "For He Himself is our peace."

4. Jehovah-Jireh (The Lord Will Provide)
Old Testament: Genesis 22:14 – "Abraham called the name of that place, 'The Lord Will Provide.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 6:35 – "I am the bread of life"; Philippians 4:19 – "My God will supply every need of yours."

5. Jehovah-Nissi (The Lord Our Banner)
Old Testament: Exodus 17:15 – "Moses built an altar and called the name of it, 'The Lord is My Banner.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 12:32 – "And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself."

6. Jehovah-Shammah (The Lord Is There)
Old Testament: Ezekiel 48:35 – "And the name of the city from that time on shall be, 'The Lord Is There.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Matthew 1:23 – "They shall call His name Emmanuel (which means, God with us)"; Matthew 28:20 – "I am with you always."

7. I Am (Ἐγώ εἰμι)
Old Testament: Exodus 3:14 – "I AM WHO I AM...say this to the people of Israel: 'I AM has sent me to you.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: John 8:58 – "Before Abraham was, I am."

8. Kyrios (Lord) Signifying Divine Authority
Old Testament Usage in the LXX for YHWH: Psalm 110:1 – "The Lord said to my Lord, 'Sit at my right hand.'"

Fulfillment in Jesus: Philippians 2:9-11 – "Every knee should bow...and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord"; Acts 2:36 – "God has made this Jesus, whom you crucified, both Lord and Christ."

Other Titles and Functions
Elohim (Creator, Mighty God)

Old Testament: Genesis 1:1 – "In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth."
Fulfillment in Jesus: John 1:1-3 – "In the beginning was the Word...all things were made through Him"; Colossians 1:16-17 – "By Him all things were created."
Son of Man

Old Testament: Daniel 7:13 – "One like a son of man...was given dominion."
Fulfillment in Jesus: Mark 14:61-62 – Jesus claims this title in response to the high priest.
The Word (Logos)

Old Testament Connection: Wisdom and Word of God in creation narratives, Proverbs 8.
Fulfillment in Jesus: John 1:1-14 – "The Word became flesh."

J.
And the One lord of

Deuteronomy 6:4 (KJV 1900) — 4 Hear, O Israel: The LORD our God is one LORD: (echad YHWH -Hebrew)

Mark 12:29 (KJV 1900) — 29 And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: (heis Kyrios)

is Jesus according to

1 Corinthians 8:6 (KJV 1900) — 6 But to us there is but one God, the Father, of whom are all things, and we in him; and one Lord (heis Kyrios) Jesus Christ, by whom are all things, and we by him.
 
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