Who has a poor theological knowledge-?
@Peterlag?
Irenaeus of Lyons (c. 130–202 AD)
View on Original Sin: Irenaeus emphasized Adam's fall as humanity's introduction to sin and mortality but did not articulate a doctrine of inherited guilt.
Transmission: He suggested that humanity inherits a weakened nature due to Adam’s disobedience, making people inclined to sin. However, each individual remains responsible for their own sins.
Key Works: Against Heresies—Irenaeus stresses that Adam's disobedience was corrected through Christ's obedience, underscoring the concept of recapitulation (Christ as the new Adam), rather than hereditary guilt.
2. Tertullian (c. 155–240 AD)
View on Original Sin: Tertullian taught that the human soul is tainted by Adam’s sin, describing the transmission as a “seminal” principle, though he did not insist on a strict guilt inheritance.
Transmission: His concept of tradux animae (soul transfusion) implies that both body and soul are transmitted by parents, hence carrying Adam's sinful nature.
Key Works: On the Soul—where he theorizes that original sin is passed through human generation, marking a proto-view of inherited sinfulness.
3. Origen of Alexandria (c. 184–253 AD)
View on Original Sin: Origen believed that sin affects all of humanity due to Adam, yet each soul has pre-existence and retains moral responsibility.
Transmission: He held that every soul is affected by Adam's sin but is born free to make choices. He did not adopt a concept of guilt transmitted from Adam.
Key Works: On First Principles—Origen posits that souls inherit a weakened state but remain individually responsible for their actions, rejecting hereditary guilt.
4. Cyprian of Carthage (c. 200–258 AD)
View on Original Sin: Cyprian believed that all are born with a corrupt nature, hence his advocacy for infant baptism, not because of guilt per se but to cleanse the inherited sinful condition.
Transmission: Cyprian implied a need for baptism to renew the individual from Adam's fallen nature, though without explicit language on guilt.
Key Works: Letter to Fidus—Cyprian argues for the practice of baptizing infants to cleanse them from the “sin of Adam.”
5. Athanasius of Alexandria (c. 296–373 AD)
View on Original Sin: Athanasius did not directly discuss original sin as inherited guilt but emphasized humanity’s corrupted nature and mortality as consequences of the Fall.
Transmission: He believed that through Adam, humanity became subject to corruption and death, which Christ's incarnation and resurrection aimed to restore.
Key Works: On the Incarnation—he asserts that Christ’s work restores the image of God, countering the mortality introduced by Adam’s sin.
6. Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335–395 AD)
View on Original Sin: Gregory saw Adam’s sin as introducing mortality and a tendency toward sin, viewing original sin more as a corrupted state than inherited guilt.
Transmission: He argued that humanity inherited a mortal condition from Adam, which predisposes people to sin rather than transmitting specific guilt.
Key Works: The Great Catechism—Gregory emphasizes that Adam’s fall impacts human nature primarily by inclining it toward sin and death, with each individual’s responsibility upheld.
7. John Chrysostom (c. 349–407 AD)
View on Original Sin: Chrysostom rejected the notion that Adam’s guilt is transferred to all humans, focusing instead on mortality and corruption inherited through Adam’s sin.
Transmission: He believed in an inherited corruption affecting human nature but maintained that each person sins by their own choice, rejecting inherited guilt.
Key Works: Homilies on Romans—where Chrysostom interprets Romans 5 as teaching death and a sinful tendency rather than guilt passed from Adam to all.
8. Augustine of Hippo (354–430 AD)
View on Original Sin: Augustine systematized the doctrine, asserting that Adam’s sin imparted both a sinful nature and guilt to all humans. His view laid the foundation for Western Christianity’s understanding of original sin.
Transmission: Augustine believed original sin, both guilt and sinful nature, is transmitted through human procreation, requiring baptism for salvation.
Key Works: Confessions, On Original Sin, City of God—where he articulates a view that humanity inherits Adam's guilt and corruption, centralizing baptism as necessary for cleansing original sin.
Summary
Before Augustine, the Church Fathers generally agreed that Adam’s sin introduced a condition of mortality, corruption, and an inclination to sin. However, most, including Irenaeus,
Origen, and Chrysostom, did not articulate the concept of inherited guilt. I
nstead, they emphasized a transmission of weakened or corrupted nature rather than individual guilt. Augustine’s articulation marked a distinct development, suggesting that both guilt and a sinful nature are inherited, which became foundational in Western Christianity's doctrinal structure.
What do you think, @praise_yeshua? Is the doctrine of original sin actually unbiblical? I’ve come across a lengthy argument claiming it doesn't have a basis in Scripture.
J.