You asked me not to comment on James and then you post this? Which is it?
"Abraham"
He is used by both Paul (cf. Gen. 15 quoted in Rom. 4) and James (quotes Gen. 22) to prove their theological points, but each uses different events in his life. Paul speaks of his initial call and promises (i.e., the birth of Isaac), but James speaks of the consummation of his faith years later (i.e., the offering of Isaac).
"our father" This term seems to reflect Jewish Christian recipients (cf. Matt. 3:9; John 8:39). However, Paul uses this same concept for Gentiles (cf. Rom. 2:28-29; 4:11-12,16; Gal. 3:7; 6:16).
"justified by works"
This is the Greek verb dikaioô. The semantic field (possible meanings and connotations) this term has is interesting:
I. From Bauer, Arndt, Gingrich, and Danker, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (p. 196-197)
A. "Show justice" or "do justice to someone"
B. "Justify, vindicate, treat as just"
C. Paul uses the term for God's judgment
1. of men
a. "be acquitted"
b. "be pronounced and treated as righteous"
2. of God's activity - "make upright"
3. "to make free or pure" (ACTIVE)
or "to be made free or pure" (PASSIVE)
4. "God is proved to be right"
II. From Louw and Nida, Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament based on Semantic Domains, 2nd edition (vol. 2 p. 64).
A. "to put right with" (vol. 1, 34:46, p. 452)
B. "show to be right" (vol. 1, 86:16, p. 744)
C. "acquit" (vol. 1, 56:34, p. 557)
D. "set free" (vol. 1, 37:138, p. 489)
E. "obey righteous commands" (vol. 1, 36:22, p. 468)
When one compares these lexical usages it becomes clear how Paul could use this term in one way (specialized forensic sense of "made righteous") and James in another (shown to be righteous by one's godly living).
The term is fluid enough to allow both. But please remember it is a "both/and" situation, not an "either/or." Also be careful of a set theological definition of this term (or any term) which is then read into every usage of the word in Scripture. Words only have meaning in specific contexts!
"offered up Isaac"
The offering of Isaac (cf. Genesis 22) was not the grounds of Abraham's faith (cf. Genesis 12,15), but the result and expression. James is using the term "works" in a different way than Paul. James is speaking of the Christian's lifestyle faith (cf. 1 John), while Paul is speaking of a works-righteousness of the Jews (or Judaizers of Galatians) as a basis for being accepted by God (cf. Rom. 10:2-3).
2:22 "faith was working with his works" This is an Imperfect active indicative which denotes continual action in past time. There is a word play between "working with" (syn + ergon) and "works" (ergôn). The word "work" is used eleven times in James 2:14-26 and only three times in the rest of the book of James.
"faith was perfected"
This is an aorist passive indicative. Faith is initiated and perfected by God, but believers' volition and actions are also part of the equation. The term "perfected" means "mature," "equipped for the assigned task," "complete." The biblical covenant concept unites the sovereignty of God and the free will of humanity to form a contract or agreement which has both benefits and obligations, a gift and a requirement.
2:23 "the Scripture" This refers to Genesis 15:6, as do Romans 4:3 and Galatians 3:6. James is saying that this verse was "fulfilled" by Abraham's later actions in his willingness to obey God and offer Isaac, the son of promise, as a sacrifice on Mt. Moriah (cf. Genesis 22).