there are no examples of the word "prayer" being used in conjunction with speaking to Jesus and no teachings regarding prayer to Jesus in the Bible. That means Jesus isn't God.
Incorrect statement-
The assertion that there is no scriptural support for praying to Jesus overlooks the Greek terminology used in early Christian texts, which indeed conveys prayer or invocation directed at Jesus, supporting His divinity.
Invocation and Appeal (ἐπικαλέω, epikaleō) In Acts 7:59, Stephen, while being martyred, ἐπικαλέω τὸν Κύριον Ἰησοῦν ("called upon the Lord Jesus"). The verb ἐπικαλέω indicates direct address and appeal, resembling formal invocation in prayer language. This reflects the same reverence as seen in the Septuagint (LXX) when addressing God, directly countering the argument that "prayer" is exclusive to God the Father. If calling on Jesus in this sense implies that Jesus is separate from deity, then Stephen's use of ἐπικαλέω in this context would be inconsistent with the reverence shown only to God.
Hebrews 4:16 (Προσέρχομαι, prosérchomai - Drawing Near) Προσέρχωμαι (prosérchomai) is used in Hebrews 4:16 to denote approaching the "throne of grace," which early believers understood as accessible through Christ's high priesthood. This term, common in Greek to describe both physical and spiritual approach, indicates drawing near with intent for divine help. The context implies that this approach is possible due to Jesus’ position, indicating that He hears and responds to prayers directly, further affirming His divine status and accessibility as God.
1 Corinthians 1:2 - Calling on Jesus as κύριος (Kyrios) Paul opens his letter by affirming those who ἐπικαλουμένοις τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ("call upon the name of our Lord Jesus Christ"). The phrase ἐπικαλέομαι (epikaleomai), repeated from Acts 7:59, is frequently used in Hellenistic Greek and the LXX to describe worship or prayer directed to Yahweh. For Paul to use this terminology concerning Jesus places Him on equal footing with God, emphasizing that calling upon Jesus directly in prayer was a normative part of worship in the early Christian community.
Jesus as Θεός (Theos) in Titus 2:13 and John 20:28 In Titus 2:13, Paul refers to τὸν μέγαν Θεὸν καὶ σωτῆρα ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν ("our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ"). The grammar here, especially according to the Granville Sharp rule, binds “God” and “Savior” as descriptors of Jesus. Similarly, John 20:28 captures Thomas calling Jesus ὁ Κύριός μου καὶ ὁ Θεός μου ("My Lord and my God"). These confessions align with the worship due to God alone, further evidenced by Jesus’ acceptance of Thomas’s declaration.
Use of the term προσεύχομαι (proseuchomai) and λόγος (logos) in John 14:13-14 In John 14:13-14, Jesus promises to respond directly when believers ask ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί μου ("in My name"). While προσεύχομαι specifically (a formal term for prayer) isn’t used in every instance, λόγος (logos) connotes speaking or calling upon authority, which Jesus commands here.
Thus, prayer in Jesus’ name inherently invokes His authority and active response, serving as a divine function rather than a mere intermediary role.
PRAYER, UNLIMITED YET LIMITED
The Synoptic Gospels
believers are encouraged to ask anything in Jesus' name and they shall receive it (cf. Matt. 7:7; 18:19; Mark 11:24; Luke 11:9-10)
believers are encouraged to persevere in prayer and God will provide "good things" (Matthew, Matt. 7:7-11) or "His Spirit" (Luke, Luke 11:5-13)
in the context of church discipline believers (two) are encouraged to unite in prayer (Matt. 18:19; see SPECIAL TOPIC: CHURCH DISCIPLINE)
in the context of the judgment of Judaism believers are to ask in faith without doubting (Matt. 21:18-22; Mark 11:23-24; see SPECIAL TOPIC: FAITH IN THE NT)
in the context of two parables (Luke 18:1-8, the unrighteous judge and Luke 18:9-14, the Pharisee and the sinner) believers are encouraged to act differently from the godless judge and self-righteous Pharisee. God hears the humble and repentant (Luke 18:1-14; see SPECIAL TOPIC: INTERPRETING PARABLES)
John's writings
believers are encouraged to ask anything in Jesus' name and they shall receive it (cf. John 9:31; 14:13-14; 16:23; 1 John 3:2; 5:14-16)
in the context of the man born blind whom Jesus heals, the true blindness of the Pharisees is revealed. Jesus' prayers (as any believer's) are answered because He knew God (see SPECIAL TOPIC: KNOW) and lived accordingly (John 9:31).
John's Upper Room Discourse (John 13-17)
John 14:12-14 – believing prayer characterized by
(1) coming from believers
(2) asking in Jesus' name (see SPECIAL TOPIC: The Name of the Lord [NT])
(3) desiring that the Father be glorified
(4) keeping commandments (v. 15; see SPECIAL TOPIC: KEEP)
John 15:7-10 – believers prayer characterized by
(1) abiding in Jesus (see SPECIAL TOPIC: Abiding in John's Writings)
(2) His word abiding in them
(3) desiring that the Father be glorified
(4) producing much fruit which is evidence of a true disciple
(5) keeping commandments (v. 10)
John 15:15-17 – believers' prayer characterized by
(1) their election (see SPECIAL TOPIC: ELECTION)
(2) their fruit bearing which will remain
(3) asking in Jesus' name
(4) keeping command to love one another (see SPECIAL TOPIC: LOVE)
John 16:23-24 – believers' prayers characterized by
(1) asking in Jesus' name
(2) desiring that joy be made full
John's first letter (1 John)
1 John 3:22-24 – believers' prayer characterized by
(1) keeping His commandments (vv. 22,24)
(2) living appropriately
(3) believing in Jesus
(4) loving one another
(5) abiding in Him and He in us
(6) having the gift of the Spirit (see SPECIAL TOPIC: SPIRIT [gift of])
1 John 5:14-16 – believers' prayer characterized by
(1) confidence in God (see SPECIAL TOPIC: BOLDNESS)
(2) according to His will (see SPECIAL TOPIC: THE WILL OF GOD)
(3) believers praying for each other (see SPECIAL TOPIC: INTERCESSORY PRAYER)
James
James 1:5-7 – believers confronted with various trials are called on to ask for wisdom without doubting
James 4:2-3 – believers must ask with proper motives
James 5:13-18 – believers faced with health problems are encouraged
to ask elders to pray
to pray in faith
to ask that their sins will be forgiven
to confess sin to one another and pray for one another (similar to 1 John 5:16)
The key to effective prayer is Christlikeness. This is what praying in Jesus' name means. The worst thing God could do for most Christians is to answer their selfish prayers! In one sense all prayers are answered. The most valuable aspect of prayer is that the believer has spent time with God, trusting God.
SPECIAL TOPIC: EFFECTIVE PRAYER
Prayer: Unlimited, Yet Limited -- Special Topic by Dr. Bob Utley, professor of hermeneutics (retired).
www.freebiblecommentary.org
J.