Reasons why we Dissent from such as Hold Free Will. (written in 1650 by Particular Baptist Churches of England) Highlighted are mine~RB
1. Because it exempts the creature from being under the power of God, for that which gives a creature power to do as he will, when God hath done all he may unto him, that doth make him no instrument subject to God’s power; for they affirm, that God doth not work in his omnipotence, but leaves it to the free will of the creature. It is one thing to be able to do a thing by persuasion, and another to do it by power which I cannot refuse, this latter they deny.
2. It denies God’s decree to be infallible, for either God determines in such and such cases, with the circumstances thereof, or not; if not, then he cometh short of the creature herein, for he determines such things in his matters.
3. If God doth not determine and apply the creature to will and work that which he works in the creature, then the creature is the cause why God wills this or that, and by consequence is the cause why he wills this or that, but the creature is not the cause, &c., God’s working this or that, must either go before the will, and so cause it to will, or else it must follow, accomplishing that which man’s will wills, the latter makes God to follow and tend on man’s will; also it makes the will of man to have a casual force in God himself, as if God should say, I will work conversion, faith, &c., in such a person if he will.
4. If liberty of will stands in such a power, free for exercising good or evil, then Christ had not liberty of will, for he had liberty only to work that which was good; nor hath man of himself any liberty or power to come to Christ; for, saith Christ, none can come to me, except the Father draw him, Jn.6:44,37, so that they are deceived who make God by his grace to convert us. So that he leaves it in our power, whether we will be converted or no; but who can resist that which God worked by his almighty power, Eph.1:19, when he puts forth his power which raised Christ from the dead; and if this could be resisted, it were not almighty. The Apostle saith, that the power did work in him mightily. Col.1:29, Eph.1:19, 3:20.5. Because God in his good pleasure of his will, doth freely and effectually determine of all things whatsoever he will, he doth all things according to the counsel of his own will, Eph.1:11, all things are in the mind of God before they are in themselves, and what he will, he effected in his time, and nothing is done, if he wills it not to be done, Psal.115:3,35:6; Jehovah doth whatsoever he pleases. The will of God is the first cause of all things;“ for thou hast created all things, and for thy pleasure they are and were created.” Rev.4:11. He by willing makes the object willing, Jer.1:18, he hath mercy on whom he will, Rom.9:18, and there is no cause to be given of his will. It’s God that works in you to will and to do, Phil.2:13; and such as make the will of God to depend upon the creature, as if he believes, God wills his salvation, if he believes not, he wills his damnation, makes God’s will mutable, and to depend upon the act of the creature; and then it will follow, so often as the will of the creature changes, so often God changes, and then God will do this or that if man will; but whatsoever God wills in all things he wills effectually, so that he cannot in no wise be hindered or disappointed; for if God should will anything he could not obtain, there should be imperfection in God, and if he can obtain it and will not, how then doth he will it? “Declaring the end from the beginning, and from ancient times the things that are not yet done, saying, my counsel shall stand, and I will do all my pleasure.”Isa.46:10. Every decree of God is eternal, I Cor.2:7, Acts 15:18, and remains always immutable, Num.23:23, Prov.19:21, and as many as were ordained to eternal life believed, Acts 13:48; whom he predestinated, them he called, Rom.8:30; for God did from eternity know every several thing, with all the circumstances thereof, and knows how to apply the fittest occasion to everything, and how to effect all things according to his own immeasurable glory. He that frames the heart, observes and orders all their works, Psal.33:15, Isa.44:2, even those things that seem to happen most freely and spontaneously, God determines of according to his sovereign will, of the very heart of man. I Sam.10:9,26, Prov.21:1. Of the lot cast into the lap, and the entire disposing thereof being of the LORD, Prov.16:33; of sparrows falling, Matt.10:29-30; of lilies, flowers, and grass of the earth, Matt.6:28-30; yea of all creatures and things. Amos 4:13,Jer.14:22. “I form the light, and create darkness; I make peace, and create evil; I the LORD do all these things.” Isa.45:7. By all which it appears that the will of God determined the certainty of all things; and if God should not determine all things, the will of God should not be simply and universally the first cause; and to deny him to be the first cause, implies that there are two first beginnings, or more than two, which cannot be truth. And for any to say, that man hath power to resist all God can work for his conversion, is to put grace in man’s power, {and not man’s will under the power of grace;} and this is to say, that man is able to frustrate God’s counsel concerning his conversion, and that man possesses a power to resist all that God can work herein; and this is to affirm, that man hath power to frustrate God’s counsel; and if it be so, will it not follow that man hath power to make God a liar? If God by his omnipotent power inclines the wills of men whither he wills, then he hath them more in his power than man hath; then his will decreeing is the cause necessity followed, and the will of the creature is not the cause of the necessities of things. The Scriptures declare that God works all things after the counsel of his will {notman’s will} and that the LORD hath made all things for himself. “The LORD hath made all things for himself; yea, even the wicked for the day of evil.” Prov.16:4.
Objection: Then you take away the liberty of the will, if man have no power to do otherwise.
Answer: That which doth {not having power to do otherwise} from second causes,compelling it so to do in that it is not free; God’s will in himself is the first cause of all things, and this omnipotent will of God doth determine the creature.
2. Men ground the freedom of will falsely, for the freedom of will as it is a faculty voluntary or elective, doth not require this indifference of the inclination in exercise, for it is bound by God’s decree, so as not anything can be done but what he hath determined, yet nothing can satisfy some, unless it be granted, that they have power of will to cross God’s decree.
3. If the cause why God chooses me {and not another} is because I will, &c., then it is not merely from his will, and then you deny the freedom of God’s will. Also if a man hath liberty of will to resist God’s will and work, so as God shall not convert him, it will follow that when we are converted, we convert ourselves, which is contrary to the Scriptures; and do not they give the Scriptures the lie, that say the will of an unregenerate man may be free to righteousness, will it, and embrace it when it is proposed; but if a seeing eye were in darkness, it could not discern anything, how much less shall the blind see? By nature we are blind, Rev.3:17-18; we are darkness, till we be made light in the Lord , Eph.5:8; darkness cannot comprehend the light, Jn.1:5; the natural man cannot receive the things of the Spirit, for they are foolishness to him, I Cor.2:14; therefore the Saints pray to God to reveal to them the knowledge of Christ, and to enlighten their eyes by the Spirit of wisdom and revelation, Eph.1:17-18; man’s will being wholly enthralled into sin, as appears, Rom.6:20 & 8:6; the carnal mind is enmity to God, it is not subject to the Law of God, nor can be; how then can it will, desire, and receive grace by nature? As God commanded Pharaoh to let Israel go, yet he could not, for God hardened his heart that he could not be willing, Jn.12:39, Rom.11:32; but they confess, that unless God give faith,it’s impossible for men to believe; so then the reason men do not believe, is because God doth not give them faith, Phil.1:29; but to what purpose is it for God to give Christ to die for men’s sins, seeing as they confess, they shall have no benefit by him unless they believe, and that they cannot do without God, and God doth not give them faith, {for if he did, they could not but believe;} what great love is this which is showed to them? The substance of those famous, or rather infamous opinions, of such as hold free will, and that Christ died for the sins of all Adam’s posterity, is that God wills the salvation of all men, but he is disappointed of his will. Those whom God will save by his antecedent will, he will destroy by his consequent will; that God doth seriously intend the salvation of all persons, yet nevertheless, he calls men by a means, and time, that is, not apt, nor fit, by reason whereof those who are so called, do not follow God’s calling. That faith is partly from grace, and partly from free will; that God is bound to give all men power to believe. They distinguish between the obtaining of salvation, and the application of salvation; the first,they say, is for all; the second is only for them that believe, but the application of salvation is neither willed, nor nilled to men. That man may determine and open his own heart, and receive the word of God; that the reprobate may be saved; that the number of the Elect is not certain; that the decree of Reprobation is not peremptory; and that a Reprobate may convert himself; and that faith is not of mere grace. They bring in God speaking thus; I decree to send my Son to save all who shall believe; but who and how many they shall be, I have not determined, only I will give to all men sufficient power to believe, but he shall believe who will himself; I will send Christ to die for the sins of many, whom I know it shall not be effectual at all unto, to whom I will never give faith, and notwithstanding Christ hath satisfied for all their sins, yet they shall suffer my wrath for them forever, and much more such Babylonian gibberish.