What is the New Covenant?

Brother, when you understand that the law was added to the Abrahamic Covenant and that the Abrahamic Covenant was between Christ (before He became flesh) and Abraham, then you will understand that the same laws and commandments that Abraham obeyed are the same laws and commandments that are written on our heart and mind.
As the New Covenant in Jeremiah 31:31-34 states, which is a New Covenant between God and the House of Israel and the House of Judah, the imparting of God's Law - who is the Holy Spirit of Promise PROMISED TO ISRAEL (Joel) - there are no Gentiles named or mentioned as part of the New Covenant. The Law of Moses is that Law which God puts in the inward parts of the Hebrew people as prophesied by Joel and expressed through Jeremiah's prophecy of a New Covenant. You seem to want to add Gentiles into the New Covenant, but Jeremiah says nothing about Gentiles in his prophecy.

You stretch the Mosaic Covenant to include Abraham but there is no evidence Abraham was under the Law as the Mosaic Laws came centuries later. Abraham had his own covenant promises from God, and his covenant is entirely different than the Mosaic Covenant - which included animal sacrifices for the children of Israel to perform daily, monthly, and yearly. You are seriously confused about God's covenants with Abraham and with his seed, the children of Israel.

31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD,
That I will make a new covenant
With the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers
In the day that I took them by the hand
To bring them out of the land of Egypt;
Which my covenant they brake,
Although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel;
After those days, saith the LORD,
I will put my law in their inward parts,
And write it in their hearts;
And will be their God,
And they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying,
Know the LORD:
For they shall all know me,
From the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD:
For I will forgive their iniquity,
And I will remember their sin no more.
Je 31:31–34.

The prophecy clearly states the New Covenant is between God and the House of Israel - NOT Gentiles.
because Abraham obeyed My voice and kept My charge, My commandments, My statutes, and My laws.
Genesis 26:5
5 Because that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept my charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my laws.
Genesis 26:5.

This statement says nothing about the Mosaic Covenant, which Scripture says came 400-430 years after the Hebrew people were brought into bondage by Egypt.

5 And he gave him none inheritance in it, no, not so much as to set his foot on: yet he promised that he would give it to him for a possession, and to his seed after him, when as yet he had no child.
6 And God spake on this wise, That his seed should sojourn in a strange land; and that they should bring them into bondage, and entreat them evil four hundred years. Acts 7:5–6.

Genesis 26:5-6 means they refer to the sum total of all God's revealed will and specific commands given to Abraham up to that point. This includes:

Specific, Extraordinary Commands (The "Charge" and "Voice"): These are the unique, direct instructions Abraham received from God throughout his life, which he obeyed with faith.

Leaving his home: "Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto a land that I will shew thee" (Genesis 12:1).
The institution of Circumcision: The covenant sign for him and his male descendants (Genesis 17:9-14).
The ultimate test: The command to offer his son Isaac as a sacrifice (Genesis 22:1-3), which is often seen as the peak of his obedience mentioned in this context (see Genesis 22:18).
Other direct callings and directions from God to move or act (e.g., Genesis 12:7, 13:14, 15:1).

That is the first time I have ever heard anyone say Abraham was under the Mosaic Covenant Laws. This is completely unfounded.
Abraham obeyed His laws and commandments because he obeyed His voice to “walk before Me and be blameless”.
Walk before Me… walk with Me in My Presence… Walk in the Spirit and you will not fulfill the lust of the flesh.
Same LORD.
Joel prophesied the giving of God's Spirit hundreds of years later and no man ever had the Holy Spirit dwelling in them. Jesus says so:

16 And I will pray the Father, and he shall give you another Comforter, that he may abide with you for ever;
17 Even the Spirit of truth; whom the world cannot receive, because it seeth him not, neither knoweth him: but ye know him; for he dwelleth with you, and shall be in you. John 14:16–17.

Pay attention to the words here. "Shall" is future tense. Abraham did not have the Holy Spirit dwelling in him.
No man did. Both Joel and Ezekiel (ca. 700s BC) speak of a future time when God would give His Spirit to men. They both prophesied of a future time when this would be. God's Presence was manifest after Abraham about 1500 years after later and this was only through a cloud of smoke by day and a pillar of fire by night. Without the shedding of blood (Christ's atonement) the Spirit could not inhabit men until atonement was made.
 
As the New Covenant in Jeremiah 31:31-34 states, which is a New Covenant between God and the House of Israel and the House of Judah, the imparting of God's Law - who is the Holy Spirit of Promise PROMISED TO ISRAEL (Joel) - there are no Gentiles named or mentioned as part of the New Covenant.
Because it was a mystery, Gentiles are included as recipients of the New Covenant, that is why Jesus sent the Gospel to them also. Ephesians 3
 
Because it was a mystery, Gentiles are included as recipients of the New Covenant, that is why Jesus sent the Gospel to them also. Ephesians 3
The problem that exists in your understanding of the Law and the Prophets (the Hebrew Scripture - Psalms included) is that you break with Scripture and violate what was written by your interpretation of "Gentiles" as being non-Hebrew Gentiles being included in the Abrahamic, Mosaic, and New Covenants when these writings and prophecies of the LORD'S prophets say NOTHING about non-Hebrew Gentiles ever being included in these covenants described in Scripture. The New Covenant most of all clearly states the parties in covenant with God as being the House of Israel and the House of Judah:

31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD,
That I will make a new covenant
With the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers
In the day that I took them by the hand
To bring them out of the land of Egypt;
Which my covenant they brake,
Although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel;
After those days, saith the LORD,
fI will put my law in their inward parts,
And write it in their hearts;
And will be their God,
And they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying,
Know the LORD:
For they shall all know me,
From the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD:
For I will forgive their iniquity,
And I will remember their sin no more.
Jeremiah 31:31–34.

There is NO MENTION of non-Hebrew Gentiles in the New Covenant prophesied by Jeremiah that we now know is founded on the body and blood of the lamb of God, the Lord Jesus Christ, Israel's Redeemer.
 
The problem that exists in your understanding of the Law and the Prophets (the Hebrew Scripture - Psalms included) is that you break with Scripture and violate what was written by your interpretation of "Gentiles" as being non-Hebrew Gentiles being included in the Abrahamic, Mosaic, and New Covenants when these writings and prophecies of the LORD'S prophets say NOTHING about non-Hebrew Gentiles ever being included in these covenants described in Scripture. The New Covenant most of all clearly states the parties in covenant with God as being the House of Israel and the House of Judah:
The New Covenant promises to Israel includes Gentiles, that was the Mystery Eph 3
 
The New Covenant promises to Israel includes Gentiles, that was the Mystery Eph 3
You can interpret Ephesians any way you want but Jeremiah's prophecy does not include Gentiles, and you have to break with Scripture and violate the Word of God in order to add them after the fact and without Biblical support.

Any interpretation in and of the New Testament that does not have Old Testament precedent and support should be rejected as false teaching. And that's what you have: False teaching that adds to the Bible things that are unsupported by Scripture.

Jeremiah's New Covenant prophecy found in 31:31-34 does not mention or include Gentiles. There is no "mystery" in his prophecy as everything he said is clear and above-board and easily understood by those who receive the Word of God as written without having to add things and ideas that are not there.
 
You can interpret Ephesians any way you want but Jeremiah's prophecy does not include Gentiles,
Yes it does Eph 3:3-6


3 How that by revelation he made known unto me the mystery; (as I wrote afore in few words,

4 Whereby, when ye read, ye may understand my knowledge in the mystery of Christ)

5 Which in other ages was not made known unto the sons of men, as it is now revealed unto his holy apostles and prophets by the Spirit;

6 That the Gentiles should be fellowheirs, and of the same body, and partakers of his promise in Christ by the gospel:
 
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