Romans 10:5~ For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law, That the man which doeth those things shall live by them.
For Moses describeth the righteousness which is of the law.
In contrast to God making the elect righteousness by Jesus Christ, Moses put the burden on them. Moses was no friend of sinners, for his legalist means of justification left honest sinners hopeless
. The issue here is justification – how can a sinner stand before a holy and just God and be accepted.Righteousness acceptable to God to declare a sinner justified required continual, perfect obedience.
That the man which doeth those things shall live by them.
The quotation is from
Leviticus 18:5, “Which if a man do, he shall live in them: I am the LORD.” Nehemiah confirmed the words to Israel, “Which if a man do, he shall live in them” (
Nehemiah 9:29). Ezekiel confirmed these words, “Which if a man do, he shall even live in them” (
Ezekiel 20:11,
13). Jesus said the same to a man, “If thou wilt enter into life, keep the commandments” (
Matthew 19:17). Paul confirmed the same elsewhere, “The man that doeth them shall live in them” (
Galatians 3:12).
Justification under Moses’ Law was do and live, depending on the sinner’s ability for perfection. It was based on the sinner’s performance – your performance – to be righteous before God.
If you did all Moses’ Law required, then you would be justified before God and go to heaven. If you did not keep his Law perfectly, then you would be condemned by God to the lake of fire. Moses’ Law was hopeless; no man could keep its terms, and God intended it so (
Galatians 3:10,
21-22). If you kept the whole law, guilt in one point brought the law’s entire condemnation (
James 2:10). Perfect obedience was the necessary requirement for eternal life, but
no man could ever do it. Moses’ Law had never been intended to give life, but rather to drive to Christ (
Gal 3:21-29). Justification through Jesus Christ is free by His redemption, obtaining perfection as a result of it.
It is based on Jesus Christ’s performance, who fully finished His work and declared it done! The doctrine of representation is the plainest lesson of legal justification – by One (
Romans 5:15-19)! But even before Jesus died, God viewed the elect in Christ for eternal justification (
Ephesians 1:3-6). Paul will summarize the gospel, which is infinitely easier, by using Moses’ words (
Deut. 30:11-14).
Romans 10:6~ But the righteousness which is of faith speaketh on this wise, Say not in thine heart, Who shall ascend into heaven? (that is, to bring Christ down from above
But the righteousness which is of faith.
The inspired disjunctive but draws a contrast between the gospel of grace and Moses’ Law (10:5). Paul drew a stark contrast between Moses’ Law and the gospel of grace as he did all along.
Paul is about to declare a summary of the radical difference of salvation by grace or by Law.
It is called the righteousness of faith, for faith is all that is initially required of us
to claim it.
Faith is the system God has chosen to give his people the knowledge of their sins being forgiven. It is called the righteousness of faith, because faith was
the evidence identified in
Genesis 15:6.
Rather than having to keep all the terms of Moses’ Law,
we claim God’s righteousness by faith. The key issue here is
the believer’s conscience, which is freed from the Law
by faith (5:1;10:4,etc). This is the knowledge and confidence of righteousness before God based on faith in His provision.
This is righteousness before God by way of a totally different means than the Law of Moses. This is the righteousness
accounted, counted, imputed, and reckoned to Abraham for his faith. This is the assurance,
evidence, and proof of justification before God that was taught thus far. Faith is the claim and evidence of righteousness given by grace and sure to all the seed (4:16).
Moses’ Law was hopeless; no man could keep its terms, and God intended it so (
Galatians 3:10,
21-22). Any violation of Moses’ Law condemned a man without recourse, for it demanded perfection. Violating any provision of the Law brought a person under its entire condemnation (
James 2:10). There is no mixing of faith and works, for salvation must be by Christ or the Law (
Galatians 2:21;
5:4). The righteousness of faith is that finished work of Jesus Christ
claimed and evidenced by faith. The covenantal system of salvation and worship was now praising God for Jesus Christ His Son. Anything added to the finished work of Christ so corrupts His death to render it void (
Gal 5:1-6).
Speaketh on this wise.
Moses declared that righteousness by his law required perfect doing of its terms (10:5;
Lev 18:5). The Law of Moses was a do-and-live system, but the gospel is a Christ-
has-done-it-all message.
Say not in thine heart.
Moses told Israel not to ask two questions about obtaining the Law, and Paul drew from the two. The gospel, when rightly believed, does not leave a person with a heart wondering about salvation. There is no reason to doubt or question means of justification, for all is certain and settled in Christ. The simplicity, certainty, and ease of justification through Christ claimed by faith ends all questions. Readers of Romans already learned of Christ’s work in chapters 3, 4, 5, and 8. Recall their doctrine. Justification is by the covenant work of the Second Adam without any human cooperation (5:12-19).
Who shall ascend into heaven?
Moses used this question to Israel to emphasize the fact he had made life or death obvious to them. God’s Law covenant was not in heaven that required someone to go get it for them to hear and do. It was not some mystical or spiritual enigma or mystery that would confound Israel about the Law.
Paul used it here in a similar way to point out righteousness Jesus had obtained and communicated. Jesus Christ already descended and ascended for the salvation of His elect children (
Eph 4:8-10). Not only did Jesus secure everlasting righteousness and eternal salvation for the elect, He also commenced and ordained the preaching of it (
Matt 4:17;
Mark 1:14;
Acts 2:22;
10:36;
Heb 2:3). If we take this Pauline application of Moses, it is not as simplistic as who gets to go to heaven. The issue is not who goes to heaven or who is condemned, but who already went and fully obtained justification.
(That is, to bring Christ down from above.
In summarizing the gospel of grace, or righteousness of faith, we cannot compromise Jesus’ work. Jesus sits in heaven, having entirely purged our sins, and we dare not imply the contrary (
Heb 1:3). Bringing Christ down from above implies or requires anything that would undo His finished work. Whatever obscurity the question holds, it is rejected as denying Christ’s sufficiency for salvation. Roman Catholics bring Him down in their Mass, and Arminians do to enter sinners’ hearts’ doors. The sum and substance of eternal life was obtained by Jesus Christ. There is nothing more to do!
Our faith lays hold of the promise of eternal life before the world began and secured by Christ’s death. We reject every form of sacramentalism or decisionalism as contrary to the gospel of grace by faith.