These are the Greek New Testament manuscripts, categorized based on their material, script, and purpose. Here are the primary categories:
1.
Papyri
Description: Manuscripts written on papyrus, an early paper-like material made from plant reeds.
Characteristics:
Oldest surviving manuscripts, dating from the 2nd to the 8th centuries CE.
Often fragmentary due to the fragility of papyrus.
Notable Examples:
P52 (John Rylands Fragment, ca. 125 CE) – the earliest known New Testament manuscript.
P66 (nearly complete Gospel of John, ca. 200 CE).
Number of Manuscripts: Approximately 140.
2.
Uncials
Description: Manuscripts written in all capital Greek letters (majuscule script) on vellum or parchment.
Characteristics:
Formal and easy to read.
Dates from the 4th to the 10th centuries CE.
Notable Examples:
Codex Sinaiticus (4th century): Contains the entire New Testament.
Codex Vaticanus (4th century): Almost the entire New Testament.
Number of Manuscripts: Around 320.
3.
Minuscules
Description: Manuscripts written in a cursive, lowercase Greek script.
Characteristics:
Smaller, faster to write, and more compact than uncials.
Most date from the 9th to the 16th centuries CE.
Notable Examples:
Minuscule 33 (often called the "Queen of the Cursives"): A significant textual witness.
Number of Manuscripts: Approximately 2,900.
4.
Lectionaries
Description: Manuscripts containing selected scripture readings for public worship.
Characteristics:
Arranged according to the liturgical calendar.
Include portions of the Gospels, Epistles, and Acts.
Written in both uncial and minuscule scripts.
Number of Manuscripts: Over 2,400.
5.
Ostraca and Other Texts (Supplemental)
Description:
Texts of New Testament passages written on pottery shards (ostraca), amulets, or other non-standard materials.
Often used for teaching, practice, or personal devotion.
Characteristics: Typically small and fragmentary, they serve as additional witnesses to the text.
Summary of Manuscripts by Category
1. Papyri: ~140
2. Uncials: ~320
3. Minuscules: ~2,900
4. Lectionaries: ~2,400
5. Other Texts: Fewer in number, supplemental.
These categories collectively represent the over
5,800 surviving Greek New Testament manuscripts, making them the most well-documented corpus of ancient literature.