Thayer
ἱλάσκομαι; (see below); in classical Greek the middle of an act. ἱλάσκω (to render propitious, appease) never met with;
1. to render propitious to oneself, to appease, conciliate to oneself (from ἴλαος gracious, gentle); from Homer down; mostly with the accusative of a person, as Θεόν, Ἀθηνην, etc. (τόν Θεόν ἱλάσασθαι, Josephus, Antiquities 6, 6, 5); very rarely with the accusative of the thing, as τήνὀργήν, Plutarch, Cat. min. 61 (with which cf. ἐξιλάσκεσθαι θυμόν,
Proverbs 16:14the Sept.).
In Biblical Greek used passively, to become propitious, be placated or appeased; in 1 aorist imperative ἱλάσθητι, be propitious, be gracious, be merciful (in secular authors ἱληθι and Doric, ἵλαθι, which the gramm. regard as the present of an unused verb ἵλημι, to be propitious; cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) Ausf. Sp. ii., p. 206; Kühner, § 343, i., p. 839; Passow, (or Liddell and Scott, or Veitch) under the word ἵλημι), with the dative of the thing or the person:
Luke 18:13 (ταῖς ἁμαρτίαις,
Psalm 78:9 ();
Psalm 87:38 (); τῇ ἁμαρτία,
Psalm 24:11 (); ἱλάσθη ὁ κύριος περί τῆςκακίας,
Exodus 32:14 Alex.; ἱλασθήσεταικυρίου τῷ δούλῳ σου,
2 Kings 5:18).
2. by an Alexandrian usage, to expiate, make propitiation for (as ἐξιλάσκεσθαιin the O. T.): τάς ἁμαριτας,
Hebrews 2:17(ἡμῶν τάς ψυχάς, Philo, alleg. leg. 3, 61). (Cf. Kurtz, Commentary on Hebrews, at the passage cited; Winer's Grammar, 227 (213); Westcott, Epistles of St. John, p. 83f.)
Strong’s Greek 2433 expresses the idea of turning away divine wrath by means of an accepted satisfaction, and thereby securing God’s favorable regard. Because Scripture never portrays God as capricious,
propitiation is not a change in His character but
the divinely ordained means by which His unchanging holiness and love meet in the forgiveness of sinners.
To be propitious means to appease the wrath of someone, so the question is who is being appeased, whose wrath and anger has been assuaged? In the biblical context, it is God the Father who is appeased by Christ’s propitious death.
It is an act, a transaction that is solely between the Father and the Son; the Son acts on behalf of mankind, but his actions effects the capacity of the Father to be gracious toward us. Thus, Strong’s defining
ἱλάσκω as
“the divinely ordained means by which His unchanging holiness and love meet in the forgiveness of sinners.”
Forgiveness is the result of Christ’s propitiating death appeasing the Father’s wrath toward mankind. Propitiating is not forgiveness but the means whereby forgiveness can be given. And how is forgiveness given? “Repent and be baptized for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.” (Acts 2:38)
Doug