An Article on free will

[Red Baker]

@Johann
I need to go back and read all that's been posted since I left early this morning, so I may come back later to finish all I desire to say.

I affirm without qualification that my salvation through the Messiah is an act entirely wrought by God---
not from man, not from myself, and not by works, so that no one may boast.
As it is written--

'For by grace you have been saved through faith; and that not of yourselves, it is the gift of God, not as a result of works, so that no one may boast' (Ephesians 2:8–9, NASB).

This salvation is not sourced in human will, merit, or effort,

'not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God' (John 1:13).

It is God who reconciled us to Himself through Christ (2 Corinthians 5:18),

God who made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf (2 Corinthians 5:21),

God who delivered Him up for us all (Romans 8:32),
and God who raised Him from the dead and gave Him glory, so that your faith and hope are in God (1 Peter 1:21).

Thus, boasting is excluded,

'Where then is boasting? It is excluded. By what kind of law? Of works? No, but by a law of faith' (Romans 3:27).
Our salvation is God’s initiative, God’s power, and God’s mercy--

and the glory belongs to Him alone."

However, that said, following our initial salvation, one must seriously reckon with the numerous συν- compound verbs in Paul’s letters--how do you account for them?

J.

Brother Johann, I agree with all that you have written up until what I striked through~and can say a heartily AMEN to you, but you backsided on me with your last sentence. Give me verses you desire for me to comment on, using only my KJV version. Btw, I still love you as a sincere brother, a lover of the truth.

 

[Johann]

Who said we earn anything? Stop with the strawmen. That's a typical calvinist strawman argument.

You mean monergistic, right? That's calvinism. Calvinism flies in the face of what the Gospel message demands of us. Take Mark 1:15 for example.

“The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.”

In this verse, Jesus commands two specific responses: repent and believe. Repent and believe are active volitional verbs. Both actions involve the will of the person and require conscious decision-making and effort.

Because repentance and belief are action-oriented commands that must be carried out by the individual in response to God’s call, this suggests a synergistic model of salvation—where human response cooperates with divine initiative. God's grace enables, but humans must respond actively. Thus, salvation, while initiated and empowered by God, is not monergistic (God alone acting) but synergistic (God and human working together).

Begging (for mercy) is an active volitional action verb that involves the will of the person and requires conscious decision-making and effort. If that's not cooperating with what Jesus demands of us in Mark 1:15 (repentance), I don't know what is. Thank you for your assistance in proving that salvation is synergistic.

Initial salvation is monergistic--God alone initiates and accomplishes it; synergy comes after that point in the ongoing walk of faith and sanctification and the outworking thereof--

It may sound complex, but it's actually quite simple.


Ephesians 2:8–9:
τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον· οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων
"For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works."
Note-- Emphatic exclusion of human contribution—salvation is θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον (the gift of God).

Titus 3:5:
οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ... ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς
Translation: "He saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy."
Note-- Reinforces divine initiative in salvation.

Acts 4:12:
καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία
Translation: "And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved."
Note-- Christ alone is named as the means of salvation.

2 Timothy 1:9:
ὃς ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς... οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν
Translation: "Who saved us and called us... not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace."
Note-- Echoes sovereign initiative (ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν – His own purpose).

No--I had NO part in my own salvation since I know who I was---

J.

 

[Red Baker]

@Eternally-Grateful

Synergism - the combined power of two or more things when they are working together that is greater than the total power achieved by each working separately:

This would be definition be a legalistic works based gospel. As God does his part. and we do our part.

This would hence be a false gospel.

Brother, you are correct, go from there and seek the truth. May the Lord be with you, if you refuse to be removed from this truth.

 

[Johann]

No God saves ( monergism ) the person who believes( synergism).

Spot on--

J.

 

[civic]

Spot on--

J.

Amen

 

[Eternally-Grateful]

Who said we earn anything? Stop with the strawmen. That's a typical calvinist strawman argument.

Now this is funny. I just got banned from a reformed chatroom making the same argument. They claimed I was using a straw man too.

lets look again

Synergism - the combined power of two or more things when they are working together that is greater than the total power achieved by each working separately:

I did not come to faith by my power. And my faith and Gods work were not combined to make a greater total power achieved if it was just God working on his own.

You mean monergistic, right? That's calvinism. Calvinism flies in the face of what the Gospel message demands of us. Take Mark 1:15 for example.

Yes. A calvinist thinks I am synergistic because I have faith. they reject any idea I am synergetic.. I was given the power by God because I received him. I did not add my power to Gods to make a greater power.

“The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.”

Amen

In this verse, Jesus commands two specific responses: repent and believe. Repent and believe are active volitional verbs. Both actions involve the will of the person and require conscious decision-making and effort.

You do not earn your salvation by repenting and believing.

it is the work of God we believe. Gods proves to us he is trustworthy as he draws us to him. I did not come to faith by my own power.. As a calvist would claim i did

Because repentance and belief are action-oriented commands that must be carried out by the individual in response to God’s call, this suggests a synergistic model of salvation—where human response cooperates with divine initiative. God's grace enables, but humans must respond actively. Thus, salvation, while initiated and empowered by God, is not monergistic (God alone acting) but synergistic (God and human working together).

No

If you work with God. your a legalist..

God alone acted in his own power. I just became like the tax collector..

Begging (for mercy) is an active volitional action verb that involves the will of the person and requires conscious decision-making and effort. If that's not cooperating with what Jesus demands of us in Mark 1:15 (repentance), I don't know what is. Thank you for your assistance in proving that salvation is synergistic.

lol..

not of works lest anyone should boast.

You did nto get saved by your own will..

I think John is clear.

John 1: 13 ;who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.

I was not born by being birthed into a Christian family

I was not born by my own power or willing my self to salvation,.

i was not born because someone else willed that I got saved

 

[Eternally-Grateful]

Faith is not a work but man’s responsibility as per Jesus in John 3:16-18.

Yes.

I do not think you all are understanding me.. Your playing right into calvins thinking..

 

[Eternally-Grateful]

@Eternally-Grateful

Brother, you are correct, go from there and seek the truth. May the Lord be with you, if you refuse to be removed from this truth.

But as many as have recieved him, to THEM he gave the power to become children of God.

Unlike his own who recieved him not.. Only those who recieve him in faith will be saved. If your calvinist. we are not on the same page

 

[civic]

Yes.

I do not think you all are understanding me.. Your playing right into calvins thinking..

No I was a Calvinist for decades and taught it so I know the doctrines inside out

 

[Red Baker]

@civic

Faith is not works yet it is man responsibility to believe God and trust in the gospel.

Faith is a work, no question about this.

Matthew 23:23​

“Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier matters of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.”

1st John 3:23​

“And this is his commandment, That we should believe on the name of his Son Jesus Christ, and love one another, as he gave us commandment.”

So much more could be said, time will not allow me to do so now.

Besides, and most important, the faith that God accepted for our legal salvation from sin and condemnation is the faith of his Son, not ours, since our faith is mixed with sin, far from being perfect which the law demand before it can justify a sinner. Jesus had this perfect faith, the very faith that every child of God has been justified by. Galatians 2:16; 2:20, etc.

 

[MTMattie]

Monergism vs. synergism—which view is correct? - Answer The Bible

Monergism vs. Synergism—Which View is Correct?

www.answerthebible.com

Monergism vs. synergism—which view is correct?​

By Richard CuriJanuary 23, 2024Bible Questions No Comments12 Mins Read

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Monergism vs. Synergism—Which View is Correct?

Monergism and synergism are two major views within Christian theology regarding salvation and the role of free will. The main difference between the two views is the role humans play in their own salvation.

Monergism holds that God alone enables a person to come to faith in Christ. The human will is unable to cooperate or respond freely to God’s grace without first being regenerated by the Holy Spirit. Salvation is entirely the work of God from beginning to end. Synergism, on the other hand, teaches that humans have the free will to cooperate with God’s offer of salvation and grace. Humans play an active role in their own conversion, while God’s grace makes salvation possible.

Understanding the Differences

Monergism emphasizes God’s sovereignty in salvation and sees the human will as bound by sin and unable to freely choose God without divine intervention. Key beliefs include:

– Due to the Fall and sin, humans are spiritually dead and cannot initiate a relationship with God (Ephesians 2:1).

– God unconditionally elects certain people for salvation, not based on anything they have done but according to His sovereign will (Romans 9:11).

– The Holy Spirit must regenerate a person before they can repent and place faith in Christ (John 6:65, Acts 11:18).

– God extends irresistible grace to the elect which efficaciously leads them to salvation (John 6:37, Romans 8:29-30).

In contrast, synergism emphasizes the role of human free will in responding to the Holy Spirit and God’s offer of salvation. Key beliefs include:

– Humans, although sinful, are able to freely choose to place faith in Christ (John 3:16, Revelation 22:17).

– God calls all to salvation, but He does not determine who will respond. Salvation involves our cooperation (2 Peter 3:9, Revelation 3:20).

– Prevenient grace from God liberates the will so humans can choose to accept or reject Christ. But God’s grace is resistible.

– God elected the plan of salvation but He did not choose which individuals would be saved. His election is based on His foreknowledge of human response.

While monergism and synergism have some overlap theologically, their core views on how salvation occurs are fundamentally opposed. The different beliefs about human free will, election, predestination, and God’s sovereignty are at the heart of this theological debate.

Monergism – Key Biblical Support

There are several key biblical passages that monergists point to in support of their position that God alone is responsible for salvation:

Ephesians 2:1-10 – This passage teaches that humans were “dead” in sin and it is “by grace you have been saved” through faith not our own doing but it is “the gift of God.” Monergists see this as evidence that God must initiate salvation since we lack the capacity.

John 6:44 – “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him.” Monergists see this as proof that the Father must first draw someone to Christ before they can come to faith.

Acts 16:14 – Lydia’s heart was opened by the Lord “to respond to the things spoken by Paul.” Monergists say this demonstrates God first opens the heart to respond.

John 15:16 – “You did not choose me, but I chose you…” Monergists believe this illustrates God’s unconditional election, that humans do not first choose Christ.

Romans 9:16 – “So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy.” Monergists see this as support that the will of man is insufficient to save himself. God’s mercy is necessary.

While there are no passages that directly use the term “monergism,” these and other verses emphasize the priority of God’s activity in salvation. For monergists, God overcomes human inability through the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit so that faith and repentance can follow.

Synergism – Key Biblical Support

Synergists also point to several biblical texts that they believe demonstrate that humans have a free will responsibility to cooperate with God’s offer of salvation:

John 3:16 – “Whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” Synergists emphasize that “whoever” believes can be saved, the offer is open to all.

Revelation 22:17 – “Let the one who desires take the water of life without price.” Humans must choose to thirst for God. Salvation involves the exercise of the will.

Joshua 24:15 – “Choose this day whom you will serve.” Joshua calls on the people to make a real choice. For synergists, humans have this same ability to choose God.

Acts 8:22 – “Repent therefore of this wickedness of yours.” Peter calls Simon to repent. Synergists see this as evidence humans can turn from sin in response to God.

Revelation 3:20 – “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him.” Synergists see this passage as illustrating that God enables but humans must respond.

While the term “synergism” is not in Scripture, these and other passages emphasize the responsibility and choice humans have in their salvation. For synergists, prevenient grace frees the will so that a response of faith and repentance is possible. God enables but humans must freely cooperate.

Key Theological Concepts

Several important theological concepts relate to this debate between monergism and synergism, such as:

Total depravity – The doctrine that humans are impacted by sin to the extent that they lack the will and capacity to choose God without His intervention. Key to the monergist view.

Prevenient grace – The grace given by God which is believed to offset the effects of the Fall, freeing the human will so that a choice for salvation can be made. Key to the synergist perspective.

Election and predestination – The belief that God chooses or predetermines who will be saved. A monergist doctrine where election is based solely on God’s sovereign choice.

Foreknowledge and free will – The synergist view that election is based on God’s foreknowledge of human response. Humans have libertarian free will to accept or reject salvation.

Irresistible grace – The monergist belief that when God calls the elect to Himself, they cannot resist responding in faith. The grace that brings salvation cannot be resisted.

While subtle differences exist within each theological system, the core issue is whether God’s grace is resistible or irresistible to humans. Synergists hold to resistible grace while monergists affirm irresistible grace.

Perspectives from Key Theologians

Throughout church history, many important theologians have presented reasoned arguments for monergism or synergism. Here are a few key voices that have shaped this discussion:

Augustine of Hippo – Greatly emphasized original sin and human inability to choose God without divine grace first being given. Helped lay the groundwork for monergism. Believed faith was the gift of God.

Pelagius – Affirmed free will was not lost in the Fall. Humans have the capacity to initiate salvation apart from God’s grace. The earliest proponent of synergism but condemned as a heretic.

Martin Luther – Strong advocate of monergism. Spoke forcefully against human will having any part in salvation and affirmed God’s unconditional election of those predestined for salvation.

John Calvin – Also a staunch monergist and linked predestination with God’s sovereignty. Humans are totally depraved and unable to cooperate with saving grace. God alone saves.

Jacobus Arminius – Rejecting Calvinism, he argued the human will was freed by prevenient grace so humans could either accept or reject God’s offer of salvation. A seminal voice for synergism.

Jonathan Edwards – Preeminent Calvinist theologian of the First Great Awakening. Emphasized human inability and that regeneration precedes saving faith. God transforms the will.

John Wesley – Major proponent of Arminian synergism. Affirmed prevenient grace enables free will. Humans must cooperate, but can resist grace. Strongly attacked monergism.

Monergism has been dominant in Reformed theology with Calvinism and in Lutheranism. Synergism has been more prevalent in Methodism and Pentecostalism with their emphasis on human responsibility and God’s love for all.

Theologies that hold strongly to God’s sovereignty and fallen human nature tend more toward monergism, while those emphasizing free will and human cooperation correlate more with synergism. But there is variance on these views within many denominations.

Objections to Monergism

Despite the many biblical texts cited in its defense, monergism has been subject to some key objections:

1. It is argued monergism makes God the author of evil by determining who will reject salvation. If God alone decides who is saved and damned, this implicates God in evil.

2. Critics contend a monergistic view of irresistible grace would make human free will incompatible and instead endorses determinism. By regenerating a person against their will, God coerces them to believe.

3. Some argue that monergism undermines assurance of salvation since God’s unconditional election is shrouded in mystery. Unlike synergism, monergism offers no basis in the individual’s choice to have confidence in their salvation.

4. Others see monergism conflicting with God’s universal love for the whole world (John 3:16). If God only elects some for salvation, how can He sincerely love those He does not elect?

5. Some synergists contend that monergism contradicts Scripture’s imperative to believe, repent, and endure to the end. If God alone saves, why does the Bible command humans to respond in faith?

These objections seek to highlight tensions in the monergist system, especially regarding fundamental theological concepts like God’s character and human free will.

Objections to Synergism

Synergism faces critiques of its own, including that it:

1. Undermines God’s sovereignty by affirming that humans have the final say in their eternal destiny. This seems to diminish God’s power if humans can resist His will to save them.

2. Contradicts the pervasive biblical testimony of human inability and deadness in sin (Ephesians 2:1). If humans are dead in sin, how can they cooperate with God apart from divine intervention?

3. Risks promoting a works righteousness salvation since synergism can ground God’s election in human action. Salvation becomes more about human decision than God’s grace.

4. Offers no definitive assurance of salvation since human choice implies the possibility of falling away. Our choice to follow Christ is changeable.

5. Does not fully recognize the magnitude of the impact original sin has on the corruption of all aspects of human nature including the will. The human will and mind were not merely wounded but corrupted by the Fall.

These objections seek to highlight that synergism seems to elevate the human will and downplay God’s sovereignty. More emphasis is placed on human cooperation than God’s empowering grace.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Positions

Both monergism and synergism have certain strengths but also weaknesses that should be acknowledged:

Strengths of monergism:

– Strong view of God’s sovereignty and omnipotence. Salvation is completely His work.

– Highlights human inability. There is no expectation humans can or will choose God without His prior grace.

– Definitive on assurance of salvation for the elect since it is God alone who saves.

Weaknesses of monergism:

– Has tensions regarding human free will and God’s election being coercive.

– Views on election and reprobation can be difficult to reconcile with God’s love and justice.

– Positions some biblical imperatives as hypothetical rather than possible.

Strengths of synergism:

– Allows meaningful human free will – we can truly accept or reject salvation.

– Compatible with biblical imperatives to repent, believe, and endure. These have efficacy in this system.

– Broad view of God’s love and provision of grace to all people.

Weaknesses of synergism:

– Has lower view of human inability due to sin which Scripture affirms.

– God’s sovereignty can seem compromised as salvation depends on human cooperation.

– Offers less definitive assurance of salvation since it is conditional on humans sustaining faith.

Key Questions

There are several important questions that arise from this theological debate:

1. How “dead” is the human will? Are humans utterly incapable or just wounded and in need of healing?

2. Is God’s election based on His foreknowledge of human choice or solely on His predetermined sovereign will?

3. Can prevenient grace restore free will completely or does the will remain affected by bondage to sin until regeneration occurs?

4. Does God truly love all and desire all to be saved or did He only elect certain ones and pass over others?

5. How is human responsibility maintained in monergism? How is God’s sovereignty maintained in synergism?

This is not just an abstract theological debate but has profound practical implications for evangelism, discipleship, worship, and how we interpret Scripture. These perspectives impact core aspects of the Christian faith.

Conclusion

In closing, monergism and synergism represent two major views within Christianity on the doctrine of salvation. Their differences center primarily on the ability of the human will and the interplay between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Persuasive cases can be built from Scripture for these contrasting theological systems.

Sincere believers can be found on both sides of this discussion. But ultimately one’s position on this issue flows logically from prior assumptions about the effects of the Fall, the severity of human depravity, and God’s sovereignty. The biblical texts themselves can be interpreted through different theological frameworks.

Perhaps the diversity of perspectives within Christianity on monergism and synergism points to the limits of human knowledge. The mechanics of salvation may ultimately remain a mystery that we can never fully comprehend. As Paul writes, “Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!” (Romans 11:33).

Humility and charity toward those with whom we disagree are needed. What matters most is that we trust in the Christ who alone can save us by His grace. Our faith and hope rest in Him. By God’s grace, the theological differences between monergism and synergism need not divide genuine followers of Christ who affirm salvation by grace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.

 

[Johann]

Yes.

I do not think you all are understanding me.. Your playing right into calvins thinking..

I've noticed your concern, brother, and I want to say this clearly one more time-- I firmly believe that our initial salvation is entirely the work of monergism--God alone brings it about.

However, following that initial act of salvation, we are met with a multitude of imperatives throughout Scripture.

Is the Holy Spirit coercing us into obedience to these commands? No--He empowers, guides, and convicts, but does not force.
Therefore, our response to these imperatives necessarily involves synergy--our willing participation with the Spirit in the ongoing life of faith.

Not clear?

J.

 

[Red Baker]

@Eternally-Grateful

But as many as have recieved him, to THEM he gave the power to become children of God.

Unlike his own who recieved him not.. Only those who recieve him in faith will be saved. If your calvinist. we are not on the same page

I never said we were on the same page, i understand this probably much better than you do, nevertheless, I commended you for a saying that you said, nothing more.

Besides, I'm not a Calvinist in the true sense of what is known by Calvinism. I do not sprinkle babies; I do not believe in gospel means in regeneration; I do not believe in irresistible grace, etc.

Also, I fully understand John 1:11-13 not so sure you do, but, if you keep your mind open to the scriptures, you might come to a better understanding of the truth.

I'm steppin out for a while, but will return later...RB

 

[Johann]

Monergism vs. synergism—which view is correct? - Answer The Bible

Monergism vs. Synergism—Which View is Correct?

www.answerthebible.com

Monergism vs. synergism—which view is correct?​

By Richard CuriJanuary 23, 2024Bible Questions No Comments12 Mins Read

Share

Monergism vs. Synergism—Which View is Correct?

Monergism and synergism are two major views within Christian theology regarding salvation and the role of free will. The main difference between the two views is the role humans play in their own salvation.

Monergism holds that God alone enables a person to come to faith in Christ. The human will is unable to cooperate or respond freely to God’s grace without first being regenerated by the Holy Spirit. Salvation is entirely the work of God from beginning to end. Synergism, on the other hand, teaches that humans have the free will to cooperate with God’s offer of salvation and grace. Humans play an active role in their own conversion, while God’s grace makes salvation possible.

Understanding the Differences

Monergism emphasizes God’s sovereignty in salvation and sees the human will as bound by sin and unable to freely choose God without divine intervention. Key beliefs include:

– Due to the Fall and sin, humans are spiritually dead and cannot initiate a relationship with God (Ephesians 2:1).

– God unconditionally elects certain people for salvation, not based on anything they have done but according to His sovereign will (Romans 9:11).

– The Holy Spirit must regenerate a person before they can repent and place faith in Christ (John 6:65, Acts 11:18).

– God extends irresistible grace to the elect which efficaciously leads them to salvation (John 6:37, Romans 8:29-30).

In contrast, synergism emphasizes the role of human free will in responding to the Holy Spirit and God’s offer of salvation. Key beliefs include:

– Humans, although sinful, are able to freely choose to place faith in Christ (John 3:16, Revelation 22:17).

– God calls all to salvation, but He does not determine who will respond. Salvation involves our cooperation (2 Peter 3:9, Revelation 3:20).

– Prevenient grace from God liberates the will so humans can choose to accept or reject Christ. But God’s grace is resistible.

– God elected the plan of salvation but He did not choose which individuals would be saved. His election is based on His foreknowledge of human response.

While monergism and synergism have some overlap theologically, their core views on how salvation occurs are fundamentally opposed. The different beliefs about human free will, election, predestination, and God’s sovereignty are at the heart of this theological debate.

Monergism – Key Biblical Support

There are several key biblical passages that monergists point to in support of their position that God alone is responsible for salvation:

Ephesians 2:1-10 – This passage teaches that humans were “dead” in sin and it is “by grace you have been saved” through faith not our own doing but it is “the gift of God.” Monergists see this as evidence that God must initiate salvation since we lack the capacity.

John 6:44 – “No one can come to me unless the Father who sent me draws him.” Monergists see this as proof that the Father must first draw someone to Christ before they can come to faith.

Acts 16:14 – Lydia’s heart was opened by the Lord “to respond to the things spoken by Paul.” Monergists say this demonstrates God first opens the heart to respond.

John 15:16 – “You did not choose me, but I chose you…” Monergists believe this illustrates God’s unconditional election, that humans do not first choose Christ.

Romans 9:16 – “So then it depends not on human will or exertion, but on God, who has mercy.” Monergists see this as support that the will of man is insufficient to save himself. God’s mercy is necessary.

While there are no passages that directly use the term “monergism,” these and other verses emphasize the priority of God’s activity in salvation. For monergists, God overcomes human inability through the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit so that faith and repentance can follow.

Synergism – Key Biblical Support

Synergists also point to several biblical texts that they believe demonstrate that humans have a free will responsibility to cooperate with God’s offer of salvation:

John 3:16 – “Whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” Synergists emphasize that “whoever” believes can be saved, the offer is open to all.

Revelation 22:17 – “Let the one who desires take the water of life without price.” Humans must choose to thirst for God. Salvation involves the exercise of the will.

Joshua 24:15 – “Choose this day whom you will serve.” Joshua calls on the people to make a real choice. For synergists, humans have this same ability to choose God.

Acts 8:22 – “Repent therefore of this wickedness of yours.” Peter calls Simon to repent. Synergists see this as evidence humans can turn from sin in response to God.

Revelation 3:20 – “Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, I will come in to him.” Synergists see this passage as illustrating that God enables but humans must respond.

While the term “synergism” is not in Scripture, these and other passages emphasize the responsibility and choice humans have in their salvation. For synergists, prevenient grace frees the will so that a response of faith and repentance is possible. God enables but humans must freely cooperate.

Key Theological Concepts

Several important theological concepts relate to this debate between monergism and synergism, such as:

Total depravity – The doctrine that humans are impacted by sin to the extent that they lack the will and capacity to choose God without His intervention. Key to the monergist view.

Prevenient grace – The grace given by God which is believed to offset the effects of the Fall, freeing the human will so that a choice for salvation can be made. Key to the synergist perspective.

Election and predestination – The belief that God chooses or predetermines who will be saved. A monergist doctrine where election is based solely on God’s sovereign choice.

Foreknowledge and free will – The synergist view that election is based on God’s foreknowledge of human response. Humans have libertarian free will to accept or reject salvation.

Irresistible grace – The monergist belief that when God calls the elect to Himself, they cannot resist responding in faith. The grace that brings salvation cannot be resisted.

While subtle differences exist within each theological system, the core issue is whether God’s grace is resistible or irresistible to humans. Synergists hold to resistible grace while monergists affirm irresistible grace.

Perspectives from Key Theologians

Throughout church history, many important theologians have presented reasoned arguments for monergism or synergism. Here are a few key voices that have shaped this discussion:

Augustine of Hippo – Greatly emphasized original sin and human inability to choose God without divine grace first being given. Helped lay the groundwork for monergism. Believed faith was the gift of God.

Pelagius – Affirmed free will was not lost in the Fall. Humans have the capacity to initiate salvation apart from God’s grace. The earliest proponent of synergism but condemned as a heretic.

Martin Luther – Strong advocate of monergism. Spoke forcefully against human will having any part in salvation and affirmed God’s unconditional election of those predestined for salvation.

John Calvin – Also a staunch monergist and linked predestination with God’s sovereignty. Humans are totally depraved and unable to cooperate with saving grace. God alone saves.

Jacobus Arminius – Rejecting Calvinism, he argued the human will was freed by prevenient grace so humans could either accept or reject God’s offer of salvation. A seminal voice for synergism.

Jonathan Edwards – Preeminent Calvinist theologian of the First Great Awakening. Emphasized human inability and that regeneration precedes saving faith. God transforms the will.

John Wesley – Major proponent of Arminian synergism. Affirmed prevenient grace enables free will. Humans must cooperate, but can resist grace. Strongly attacked monergism.

Monergism has been dominant in Reformed theology with Calvinism and in Lutheranism. Synergism has been more prevalent in Methodism and Pentecostalism with their emphasis on human responsibility and God’s love for all.

Theologies that hold strongly to God’s sovereignty and fallen human nature tend more toward monergism, while those emphasizing free will and human cooperation correlate more with synergism. But there is variance on these views within many denominations.

Objections to Monergism

Despite the many biblical texts cited in its defense, monergism has been subject to some key objections:

1. It is argued monergism makes God the author of evil by determining who will reject salvation. If God alone decides who is saved and damned, this implicates God in evil.

2. Critics contend a monergistic view of irresistible grace would make human free will incompatible and instead endorses determinism. By regenerating a person against their will, God coerces them to believe.

3. Some argue that monergism undermines assurance of salvation since God’s unconditional election is shrouded in mystery. Unlike synergism, monergism offers no basis in the individual’s choice to have confidence in their salvation.

4. Others see monergism conflicting with God’s universal love for the whole world (John 3:16). If God only elects some for salvation, how can He sincerely love those He does not elect?

5. Some synergists contend that monergism contradicts Scripture’s imperative to believe, repent, and endure to the end. If God alone saves, why does the Bible command humans to respond in faith?

These objections seek to highlight tensions in the monergist system, especially regarding fundamental theological concepts like God’s character and human free will.

Objections to Synergism

Synergism faces critiques of its own, including that it:

1. Undermines God’s sovereignty by affirming that humans have the final say in their eternal destiny. This seems to diminish God’s power if humans can resist His will to save them.

2. Contradicts the pervasive biblical testimony of human inability and deadness in sin (Ephesians 2:1). If humans are dead in sin, how can they cooperate with God apart from divine intervention?

3. Risks promoting a works righteousness salvation since synergism can ground God’s election in human action. Salvation becomes more about human decision than God’s grace.

4. Offers no definitive assurance of salvation since human choice implies the possibility of falling away. Our choice to follow Christ is changeable.

5. Does not fully recognize the magnitude of the impact original sin has on the corruption of all aspects of human nature including the will. The human will and mind were not merely wounded but corrupted by the Fall.

These objections seek to highlight that synergism seems to elevate the human will and downplay God’s sovereignty. More emphasis is placed on human cooperation than God’s empowering grace.

Strengths and Weaknesses of the Positions

Both monergism and synergism have certain strengths but also weaknesses that should be acknowledged:

Strengths of monergism:

– Strong view of God’s sovereignty and omnipotence. Salvation is completely His work.

– Highlights human inability. There is no expectation humans can or will choose God without His prior grace.

– Definitive on assurance of salvation for the elect since it is God alone who saves.

Weaknesses of monergism:

– Has tensions regarding human free will and God’s election being coercive.

– Views on election and reprobation can be difficult to reconcile with God’s love and justice.

– Positions some biblical imperatives as hypothetical rather than possible.

Strengths of synergism:

– Allows meaningful human free will – we can truly accept or reject salvation.

– Compatible with biblical imperatives to repent, believe, and endure. These have efficacy in this system.

– Broad view of God’s love and provision of grace to all people.

Weaknesses of synergism:

– Has lower view of human inability due to sin which Scripture affirms.

– God’s sovereignty can seem compromised as salvation depends on human cooperation.

– Offers less definitive assurance of salvation since it is conditional on humans sustaining faith.

Key Questions

There are several important questions that arise from this theological debate:

1. How “dead” is the human will? Are humans utterly incapable or just wounded and in need of healing?

2. Is God’s election based on His foreknowledge of human choice or solely on His predetermined sovereign will?

3. Can prevenient grace restore free will completely or does the will remain affected by bondage to sin until regeneration occurs?

4. Does God truly love all and desire all to be saved or did He only elect certain ones and pass over others?

5. How is human responsibility maintained in monergism? How is God’s sovereignty maintained in synergism?

This is not just an abstract theological debate but has profound practical implications for evangelism, discipleship, worship, and how we interpret Scripture. These perspectives impact core aspects of the Christian faith.

Conclusion

In closing, monergism and synergism represent two major views within Christianity on the doctrine of salvation. Their differences center primarily on the ability of the human will and the interplay between divine sovereignty and human responsibility. Persuasive cases can be built from Scripture for these contrasting theological systems.

Sincere believers can be found on both sides of this discussion. But ultimately one’s position on this issue flows logically from prior assumptions about the effects of the Fall, the severity of human depravity, and God’s sovereignty. The biblical texts themselves can be interpreted through different theological frameworks.

Perhaps the diversity of perspectives within Christianity on monergism and synergism points to the limits of human knowledge. The mechanics of salvation may ultimately remain a mystery that we can never fully comprehend. As Paul writes, “Oh, the depth of the riches and wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are his judgments and how inscrutable his ways!” (Romans 11:33).

Humility and charity toward those with whom we disagree are needed. What matters most is that we trust in the Christ who alone can save us by His grace. Our faith and hope rest in Him. By God’s grace, the theological differences between monergism and synergism need not divide genuine followers of Christ who affirm salvation by grace through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ.

One question--did you have any part in your salvation?

According to Scripture, salvation is the work of God from beginning to end:

Ephesians 2:8–9 – “For by grace you have been saved through faith, and that not of yourselves; it is the gift of God, not of works, so that no one may boast.”

Titus 3:5 – “He saved us, not by works of righteousness which we had done, but according to His mercy...”
John 1:13 – “...who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.”
Jonah 2:9 – “Salvation belongs to the LORD.”

We are indeed called to rightly handle the word of truth--

2 Timothy 2:15 – “Be diligent to present yourself approved to God, a worker who does not need to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth.”

If we truly cut straight the Word, we must acknowledge:

Initial salvation is God's alone--by His will, His mercy, and His grace.

No room is left for boasting, human effort, or personal contribution at the point of regeneration.

Should you think I am a "Calvinist" I'm not--

J.

 

[synergy]

Initial salvation is monergistic--God alone initiates and accomplishes it; synergy comes after that point in the ongoing walk of faith and sanctification and the outworking thereof--

It may sound complex, but it's actually quite simple.

I already said that salvation is "initiated and empowered by God". Do you agree or not?

Ephesians 2:8–9:
τῇ γὰρ χάριτί ἐστε σεσῳσμένοι διὰ πίστεως· καὶ τοῦτο οὐκ ἐξ ὑμῶν, θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον· οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων
"For by grace you have been saved through faith, and this is not your own doing; it is the gift of God, not a result of works."
Note-- Emphatic exclusion of human contribution—salvation is θεοῦ τὸ δῶρον (the gift of God).

The topic here is God's Grace with a mention of works of the Law. Of course everything falls under God's Grace which includes our minds, volition, heart, conscience, etc... So God's gift of volition to us is part of His Grace and is to be used as per Mark 1:15. As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's not a factor anymore for most Christians at least.

Titus 3:5:
οὐκ ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ... ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς
Translation: "He saved us, not because of works done by us in righteousness, but according to his own mercy."
Note-- Reinforces divine initiative in salvation.

The topic in Titus 3:5 is regeneration. Of course I cannot regenerate myself by myself. Only a lunatic would think that is possible.

Acts 4:12:
καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἄλλῳ οὐδενὶ ἡ σωτηρία
Translation: "And there is salvation in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved."
Note-- Christ alone is named as the means of salvation.

I'm not a Muslim so why are you telling me that?

2 Timothy 1:9:
ὃς ἔσωσεν ἡμᾶς... οὐ κατὰ τὰ ἔργα ἡμῶν ἀλλὰ κατὰ ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν καὶ χάριν
Translation: "Who saved us and called us... not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace."
Note-- Echoes sovereign initiative (ἰδίαν πρόθεσιν – His own purpose).

As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's a strawman on your part.

No--I had NO part in my own salvation since I know who I was---

J.

You didn't repent or believe? I would strongly suggest that you revisit Mark 1:15 and see what Jesus demands of us.

 

[civic]

I already said that salvation is "initiated and empowered by God". Do you agree or not?

The topic here is God's Grace with a mention of works of the Law. Of course everything falls under God's Grace which includes our minds, volition, heart, conscience, etc... So God's gift of volition to us is part of His Grace and is to be used as per Mark 1:15. As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's not a factor anymore for most Christians at least.

The topic in Titus 3:5 is regeneration. Of course I cannot regenerate myself by myself. Only a lunatic would think that is possible.

I'm not a Muslim so why are you telling me that?

As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's a strawman on your part.

You didn't repent or believe? I would strongly suggest that you revisit Mark 1:15 and see what Jesus demands of us.

Jesus always challenged men with their volition to choose to follow and believe Him

 

[Johann]

I already said that salvation is "initiated and empowered by God". Do you agree or not?

The topic here is God's Grace with a mention of works of the Law. Of course everything falls under God's Grace which includes our minds, volition, heart, conscience, etc... So God's gift of volition to us is part of His Grace and is to be used as per Mark 1:15. As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's not a factor anymore for most Christians at least.

The topic in Titus 3:5 is regeneration. Of course I cannot regenerate myself by myself. Only a lunatic would think that is possible.

I'm not a Muslim so why are you telling me that?

As for works of the Law, we gave up that practice 2000 years ago so that's a strawman on your part.

You didn't repent or believe? I would strongly suggest that you revisit Mark 1:15 and see what Jesus demands of us.

Did my repenting and believing make me a co-partner of God's saving work--either in the redemptive work of the Messiah or the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit?

Why is it that you’re not understanding what I’m trying to share with you?

J.

 

[Eternally-Grateful]

No I was a Calvinist for decades and taught it so I know the doctrines inside out

THEY claim I am synergistic. thus I earn salvation.

I am not. I am monergistic. it is all of God, I did nothing.. of my own

thats what I mean about it being a calvinist belief

 

[civic]

Did my repenting and believing make me a co-partner of God's saving work--either in the redemptive work of the Messiah or the regenerating work of the Holy Spirit?

Why is it that you’re not understanding what I’m trying to share with you?

J.

But you were not regenerated or saved prior to faith in the gospel. Your faith played a role which Jesus affirms in John 3:16-18. Faith saved and unbelief condemns

 

[Eternally-Grateful]

Jesus always challenged men with their volition to choose to follow and believe Him

yes. He even cried over jerusalem.. And condemned them saying they were unwilling