Here are some excerpts concerning Foreknowledge and Predetermination from one of the most brilliant Church Fathers of all times, Saint John of Damascus. Note that Predestination and Election both compound the level of complexity of this topic so I won't mention them here.
We ought to understand that while God knows all things beforehand, yet He does not predetermine all things. For He knows beforehand those things that are in our power, but He does not predetermine them. For it is not His will that there should be wickedness nor does He choose to compel virtue. So that predetermination is the work of the divine command based on fore-knowledge. But on the other hand God predetermines those things which are not within our power in accordance with His prescience (foreknowledge). For already God in His prescience has prejudged all things in accordance with His goodness and justice.
Thus, we have a skeletal fundamentals of the interaction between God's Foreknowledge and Predetermination.
It's very interesting that all variations of the term foreknew (
προέγνω) have to do with a close bi-directional synergistic relationship with God. Whether it's Christ, sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus, or His elect Israel, it is always those who are in a relationship with Him through Christ.
Acts 2:23
this One given to you by the before-determined counsel and foreknowledge (προγνώσει) of God, you have taken and by lawless hands, crucifying Him, you put Him to death;
Rom 8:29
For whom He foreknew (προέγνω), He also predestinated to be conformed to the image of His Son, for Him to be the First-born among many brothers.
Rom 11:2
God did not thrust out His people whom He foreknew (προέγνω). Or do you not know what the Scripture said in Elijah, how he pleaded with God against Israel, saying,
1Pet 1:2
according to the foreknowledge (πρόγνωσιν) of God the Father, in sanctification of the Spirit, to obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ. May grace and peace be multiplied to you.
1Pet 1:20
indeed having been foreknown (προεγνωσμένου) before the foundation of the world, but revealed in the last times for you,
It also shines a light on the person who was manifesting many "works" through Christ's name and
yet he was told that Christ never knew him. But doesn't God have omniscience? Yes, but for God to know someone he must be "in Christ" for him to be known or foreknown by God.
Matt 7:23
And then I will say to them I never knew (ἔγνων) you! Depart from Me, those working lawlessness!
Another fascinating note is that Christ knows His sheep.
That means those sheep are already in a deep relationship with Him, they are already "in Christ" because they already believe "in Christ". In other words, they are not an arbitrary set of elected individuals independent of whether or not they believe "in Christ". They are believers positioned already "in Christ".
One verse I need to reconcile with all this is Jeremiah 1:5. Doesn't it say the following:
Jer 1:5
Before I formed you in the belly I knew (ἐπίσταμαί) you; and before you came forth out of the womb I consecrated you, and I ordained you a prophet to the nations.
Notice that Jer 1:5 uses a different LXX word
ἐπίσταμαί. The word ἐπίσταμαί is used more in terms of a superior/superintendent knowing his subject as opposed to the deep relationship of
προέγνω. ἐπίσταμαί is
unidirectional as opposed to a bidirectional relationship which is what
προέγνω is about. ἐπίσταμαί is therefore more of a vocational knowing rather than to be salvifically known by God through Christ.
So where do I fit in between Open Theism and Hard Determination?
I believe that God allows for Free Will but predetermined the Cross meticulously.
Our Free Will is individualistic but we are incorporated into the Body of Christ.
God only knows us "in Christ" when we believe "in Christ" and as such I am not a Fatalist.
I believe God knows everyone in a unidirectional way but has a bidirectional synergistic relationship only with those who are "in Christ".
I'm not sure where that places me in the end.