Did you know that 'echad' is used in the Shema
Deu 6:4 Shema Yisroel Adonoi Eloheinu Adonoi Echad.
שׁמע ישׂראל יהוה אלהינו יהוה
אחד׃
echâd
ekh-awd'
A numeral from H258; properly united, that is, one; or (as an ordinal) first: - a, alike, alone, altogether, and, any (-thing), apiece, a certain [dai-] ly, each (one), + eleven, every, few, first, + highway, a man, once, one, only, other, some, together.
LXX Related Word(s)
G243 allos
G530 hapax
G1538 hekastos
G2087 heteros
G2470 isos
G2839 koinos
G3641 oligos
G4387 protos
G3561 meomenia
BDB Definition:
1) one (number)
1a) one (number)
1b) each, every
1c) a certain
1d) an (indefinite article)
1e) only, once, once for all
1f) one...another, the one...the other, one after another, one by one
1g) first
1h) eleven (in combination), eleventh (ordinal)
Part of Speech: adjective
A Related Word by BDB/Strong’s Number: a numeral from H258
61.0 אֶחַד (’eµad) one, same, single, first, each, once, fem. ’aµat ( אַחַת ).
This word occurs 960 times as a noun, adjective, or adverb, as a cardinal or ordinal number, often used in a distributive sense. It is closely identified with yäµad "to be united" and with rö’sh "first, head," especially in connection with the "first day" of the month (Gen_8:13). It stresses unity while recognizing diversity within that oneness.
’eµad can refer to a certain individual (Jdg_13:2) or a single blessing (Gen_27:38). Solomon alone was chosen by the Lord (1Ch_29:1). The notion of uniqueness is also found in 2Sa_7:23 and Eze_33:24 (for this verse with reference to God, see below). The phrase "in a single day" can refer to the suddenness of judgment (Isa_10:17; Isa_47:9) or blessing (Isa_66:8).
Adverbially, ’eµad means "once" or "one time" (2Ki_6:10). God solemnly swore to David "one time" that his descendants and throne would last forever (Psa_89:35 [H36]). In Hag_2:6 the Lord warned that he would shake heaven and earth "once more in a little while." Yet this prediction of the overthrow of nations probably included a near as well as a far fulfilment (cf. Heb_12:26). The expression "in one day" denotes the swiftness of the Lord's acts (Isa_9:14 [H13]; Zec_3:9).
Sometimes the phrase "as one man" can mean "all at once" (Num_14:15), but when Gideon was told he would defeat Midian "as one man" it probably meant "as easily as a single man" (Jdg_6:16). The phrase can also refer to a nation aroused to take united action against gross injustice (Jdg_20:8; 1Sa_11:7). Zephaniah's mention of people serving God "with one shoulder" (Zep_3:9) likely means "shoulder to shoulder," solidly united. Likewise in Exo_24:3 "with one voice" expresses that all Israel was involved in entering into the Covenant with Yahweh.
The concept of unity is related to the tabernacle, whose curtains are fastened together to form one unit (Exo_26:6; Exo_26:11; Exo_36:13). Adam and Eve are described as "one flesh" (Gen_2:24), which includes more than sexual unity. In Gen_34:16 the men of Shechem suggest intermarriage with Jacob's children in order to become "one people."
Later, Ezekiel predicted that the fragmented nation of Israel would someday be reunited, as he symbolically joined two sticks (Eze_37:17). Once again Judah and Ephraim would be one nation with one king (Eze_37:22). Abraham was viewed as "the one" from whom all the people descended (Isa_51:2; Mal_2:15), the one father of the nation.
Diversity within unity is also seen from the fact that ’eµad has a plural form, ’¦µädîm. It is translated "a few days" in Gen_27:44; Gen_29:20, and Dan_11:20. In Gen_11:1 the plural modifies "words": "the whole earth used the same language and the same words." Apparently it refers to the same vocabulary, the same set of words spoken by everyone at the tower of Babel. The first "same" in Gen_11:1 is singular, analogous to "the same law" of the Passover applying to native-born and foreigner (Exo_12:49; cf, Num_15:16), or to the "one law" of sure death for approaching the Persian king without invitation (Est_4:11).
In the famous Shema of Deu_6:4, "Hear, O Israel... the LORD is one," the question of diversity within unity has theological implications. Some scholars have felt that, though "one" is singular, the usage of the word allows for the doctrine of the Trinity. While it is true that this doctrine is foreshadowed in the OT, the verse concentrates on the fact that there is one God and that Israel owes its exclusive loyalty to him (Deu_5:9; Deu_6:5). The NT also is strictly monotheistic while at the same time teaching diversity within the unity (Jas_2:19; 1Co_8:5-6).
[The lexical and syntactical difficulties of Deu_6:4 can be seen in the many translations offered for it in the NIV. The option "the LORD is our God, the LORD alone" has in its favor both the broad context of the book and the immediate context. Deu_6:4 serves as an introduction to motivate Israel to keep the command "to love (the Lord)" (v. 5). The notion that the Lord is Israel's only God suits this command admirably (cf. Son_6:8 ff). Moreover, these two notions, the Lord's unique relation to Israel and Israel's obligation to love him, are central to the concern of Moses' addresses in the book (cf. Deu_5:9 f.; Deu_7:9; Deu_10:14 ff., Deu_10:20 f., Deu_13:6; Deu_30:20; Deu_32:12). Finally Zechariah employs the text with this meaning and applies it universally with reference to the eschaton: "The Lord will be king over all the earth; in that day the LORD will be (the only) one, and His name (the only) one" (Zec_14:9 NASB).
In Job_31:15 and Mal_2:10 the word is used to denote that one and the same God created all men. The reference to the one Shepherd in Ecc_12:11 probably indicates that God is the only source of wisdom, B.K.W.)
Bibliography: Knight, A. F., "The Lord is One," Exp T 79: 8-10. TDOT, I, pp. 193-200. THAT, I, pp. 104-106. H.W.
Hear. In the Hebrew text this word (sham'a) has the last letter majuscular (i.e. larger than the others) as also the last letter of the last word ('echad), to emphasize "the first and great commandment" (Mat_22:38. Mar_12:29, Mar_12:30). These two letters taken together make 'ed = "a witness", because God is a witness and looketh on the heart (1Sa_16:7). In Hebrew. shem'a yisrael yeh6va elheynu yehova. echad = "Hear, O Israel, Jehovah (the Self and ever existing One), our Elohim is one Jehovah".
one. Hebrew 'ehad = a compound unity (Latin. unus), one made up of others: Gen_1:5, one of seven; Deu_2:11, one of four; Deu_2:21, one of twenty-four; Deu_2:24, one made up of two; Deu_3:22, one of the Trinity: Deu_49:16, one of twelve; Num_13:23, one of a cluster. So Psa_34:20, &c. It is not yahid, which is (Latin) unicus, unique a single, or only one, occurs twelve times: Gen_22:2, Gen_22:12, Gen_22:16. Jdg_11:34. Psa_22:20; Psa_25:16; Psa_35:17; Psa_68:6. Pro_4:3. Jer_6:26. Amo_8:10. Zec_12:10. Hebrew of all other words for "one" is 'echad.
(4-9) One of the four Phylacteries. Exo_13:1-10; Exo_13:11-16. Exo_6:4-9; Exo_11:13-21. See note on Exo_13:1, Compare the Structures of the second pair (above).
Deu 6:4 Hear,H8085 H8798 V-Qal-Imp-ms šə·maʿ שְׁמַ֖ע Israel!H3478 N-proper-ms yiś·rā·’êl יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל YHWHH3068 N-proper-ms Yah·weh יְהוָ֥ה our GodH430 N-mpc+1cp ’ĕ·lō·hê·nū אֱלֹהֵ֖ינוּ YHWH;H3068 N-proper-ms Yah·weh יְהוָ֥ה׀ [is] one.H259 Number-ms ʾɛ·ḥå̄ḏ אֶחָֽד׃ N1
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