In every generation, some Jews were saved, because in their hearts they were the "called out" ones. (the Ekklesia) They had faith in God, in their hearts and their spirits.
Incorrect.
Around the year 2091 BC God made covenant with a man named Abram the Hebrew (Gen. 14:13) and with his Hebrew seed (Gen. 17:7.) This covenant is called the
Abrahamic Covenant.
This covenant included a prophecy direct from God that his descendants would go into service of another nation:
13 And he said unto Abram, Know of a surety that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theirs, and shall serve them; and they shall afflict them four hundred years;
14 And also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge: and afterward shall they come out with great substance.
Genesis 15:13–14.
This is recorded in Exodus. In the end God delivered the children of Abraham from their bondage through Moses. Going forward God led the Hebrew people through the desert finally landing at Mount Sinai, where God made a covenant with the Hebrew people called the
Mosaic Covenant. This covenant included three parts, each addressing the Hebrews lives living before God. They are the Social Laws, the Moral Laws, and the Ceremonial Laws. The Ceremonial Laws included a sacrificial system that addressed providing the Hebrew people with temporary atonement through the sacrificing of animals to address their sin as individuals and as a nation. It is substitutional in nature. More information of these things are recorded in Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. These people are called the "Great Congregation" living in the desert. They are the original Church of God for God "called them out" of Egypt.
Faith was not required in these two covenants. The covenant exists for the purpose of saving the Hebrew people and giving them eternal life. This was accomplished when God sent His only begotten Son, Jesus Christ, to die for this people. This covenant is not a reciprocal covenant. God created man and from this God chose to separate one family and save not only the head of the family (Abraham) but also his descendants/seed. Several Scriptures provides the basis:
6
For thou art an holy people unto the LORD thy God: the LORD thy
God hath chosen thee to be a special people unto himself,
above all people that are upon the face of the earth.
7 The LORD did not set his love upon you, nor choose you, because ye were more in number than any people; for ye were the fewest of all people:
8 But
because the LORD loved you, and because he would keep the oath which he had sworn unto your fathers, hath the LORD brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondmen, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt.
9
Know therefore that the LORD thy God, he is God, the faithful God, which keepeth covenant and mercy with them that love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations;
Deuteronomy 7:5–9.
31 Behold, the days come, saith the LORD,
That
I will make a new covenant
With the house of Israel, and with the house of Judah:
32 Not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers
In the day that I took them by the hand
To bring them out of the land of Egypt;
Which my covenant they brake,
Although I was an husband unto them, saith the LORD:
33 But this shall be the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel;
After those days, saith the LORD,
I will put my law in their inward parts,
And write it in their hearts;
And will be their God,
And they shall be my people.
34 And they shall teach no more every man his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying,
Know the LORD:
For they shall all know me,
From the least of them unto the greatest of them, saith the LORD:
For I will forgive their iniquity,
And I will remember their sin no more.
Jeremiah 31:31–34.
22
Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; I do not this for your sakes, O house of Israel, but for mine holy name’s sake, which ye have profaned among the heathen, whither ye went.
23 And I will sanctify my great name, which was profaned among the heathen, which ye have profaned in the midst of them; and the heathen shall know that I am the LORD, saith the Lord GOD, when I shall be sanctified in you before their eyes.
24
For I will take you from among the heathen, and gather you out of all countries, and will bring you into your own land.
25
Then will I sprinkle clean water upon you, and ye shall be clean: from all your filthiness, and from all your idols, will I cleanse you.
26
A new heart also will I give you, and fa new spirit will I put within you: and I will take away the stony heart out of your flesh, and I will give you an heart of flesh.
27
And I will put my spirit within you, and cause you to walk in my statutes, and ye shall keep my judgments, and do them.
28
And ye shall dwell in the land that I gave to your fathers; and ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.
Ezekiel 36:21–28.
The Holy Spirit of Promise is promised to Israel:
27 And ye shall know that I am in the midst of Israel,
And that I am the LORD your God, and none else:
And my people shall never be ashamed.
28
And it shall come to pass afterward,
That I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh;
And your sons and your daughters shall prophesy,
Your old men shall dream dreams,
Your young men shall see visions:
29 And also upon the servants and upon the handmaids
In those days will I pour out my spirit.
30 And I will shew wonders in the heavens and in the earth,
Blood, and fire, and pillars of smoke.
31 The sun shall be turned into darkness, and the moon into blood,
Before the great and the terrible day of the LORD come.
32 And it shall come to pass, that whosoever shall call on the name of the LORD shall be delivered:
For in mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance,
As the LORD hath said,
And in the remnant
whom the LORD shall call.
Joel 2:27–32.
Many interpret verse 28 "all flesh" as the whole world but this is incorrect. First, the context is Israel and the "all flesh" refers to all the Hebrew people. This is part of the covenant God made with Abram the Hebrew (Gen. 14:13) and his Hebrew seed. Second, the Hebrew people are the
called of God for being called out of Egypt identifies these people as the Great Congregation and Church of God.
Third, the next two verses confirm this salvation of the Hebrew people for they are the only people who were under the Mosaic Covenant aka the Mosaic Law.
26
And so all Israel shall be saved: as it is written, There shall come out of Sion the Deliverer, and shall turn away ungodliness from Jacob:
27
For this is my covenant unto them, when I shall take away their sins.
Romans 11:25–27.
and
4 But when the fulness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law,
5
To redeem them that were under the law, that we might receive the adoption of sons.
Galatians 4:4–5.
But a multitude of Jews in every generation were not saved. They were visibly part of the nation of Israel, but they were not in their hearts, ever God's people.
The same is true today.
Only the remnant of Israel has ever been saved. Romans 9:27
ALL ISRAEL SHALL BE SAVED (Rom. 11:25-27.)
The "remnant" refers to a portion of the people that returned to Israel after being given permission by Cyrus the Great circa 522 BC. while the majority of the Hebrew people remained in Gentile land (Babylon.)
These people who remained in Gentile land are the target audience whom God sent the eleven disciples (Acts 1) and to whom later Saul went to visit the Jewish Churches that were founded by some of the Jewish Christians who after visiting Jerusalem for the Jewish Feast of Harvest (ca. AD 32) which is also called Pentecost.) This is the day the Holy Spirit of Promise arrived, and Jews began to be saved as promised by God (see Scripture above) in the covenants.
God is a God who keeps His promises and He has kept every promise made to Abraham and his seed and God will continue to keep the remaining promises He made to this people still yet future, such as the return of Israel's Messiah and King, the defeat of Israel's enemies, and the final redemption of the Hebrew people.
This is the gospel of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ.