The law is the moral commands, the national commands, and the sacrificial commands. All which lead to christ
The moral commands prove to us we are in sin
The sacrificial commands prove to us what needs to be done to be forgiven of those sins.
More for the readers sake here--love the fact you don't dismiss the moral commands/Imperatives of YHWH fulfilled in Christ Jesus brother.
You shall have no other gods before Me (Exodus 20:3)
This commandment is not explicitly mentioned in the Pauline Epistles. However, Paul often addresses idolatry and the worship of false gods, particularly in 1 Corinthians 10:14 and Romans 1:25. These passages emphasize that believers should avoid idolatry, which reflects the underlying principle of this commandment.
2. You shall not make for yourselves a carved image (Exodus 20:4)
While not directly quoted in the Pauline letters, the issue of idolatry is addressed in passages like Romans 1:23 and 1 Corinthians 10:14, where Paul warns against the worship of idols, indirectly upholding this commandment.
3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain (Exodus 20:7)
In Ephesians 4:29, Paul speaks to the issue of speech, instructing believers to use their words for edification, which indirectly relates to honoring God's name and avoiding the misuse of it.
Romans 2:24 addresses how God's name is dishonored among the Gentiles when they fail to live according to His standards, which can be seen as an indirect reference to this commandment.
4. Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy (Exodus 20:8)
Colossians 2:16–17 addresses the Sabbath, indicating that Christians are not bound by the observance of the Sabbath as part of the law
: “Therefore let no one pass judgment on you in questions of food and drink, or with regard to a festival or a new moon or a Sabbath. These are a shadow of the things to come, but the substance belongs to Christ.”
5. Honor your father and your mother (Exodus 20:12)
Ephesians 6:2–3 directly quotes this commandment: “Honor your father and mother (which is the first commandment with a promise), that it may go well with you and that you may live long in the land.”
6. You shall not murder (Exodus 20:13)
This commandment is referenced in Romans 13:9, where Paul lists several commandments in the context of love: "The commandments, 'You shall not murder... You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'"
7. You shall not commit adultery (Exodus 20:14)
1 Corinthians 6:9–10 and Romans 13:9 both address sexual immorality, including adultery, as part of the moral instructions for believers. In 1 Corinthians 6:18, Paul urges believers to flee from sexual immorality, which aligns with the prohibition against adultery.
8. You shall not steal (Exodus 20:15)
Ephesians 4:28 addresses theft: “Let the thief no longer steal, but rather let him labor, doing honest work with his own hands.”
9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor (Exodus 20:16)
Ephesians 4:25 says,
“Therefore, having put away falsehood, let each one of you speak the truth with his neighbor,” which directly addresses the issue of bearing false witness.
10. You shall not covet (Exodus 20:17)
Romans 7:7 mentions coveting specifically: “I would not have known what it is to covet if the law had not said, 'You shall not covet.'” Additionally, Colossians 3:5 instructs believers to put to death "covetousness, which is idolatry."
Pauline Epistles mention directly or indirectly 9 out of the 10 commandments in some form. The only commandment that is not directly referenced is the command about not making a graven image (Exodus 20:4), though idolatry is addressed indirectly in various places.
In Paul's teachings, especially in his letters to the Romans and Ephesians, the commandments are often connected to the broader
principle of love (as in Romans 13:8–10)
or the law of Christ, emphasizing that
believers are to live out these commandments not to be justified but as part of their sanctification and transformation through the Holy Spirit.
The Sabbath commandment is the most notable one that Paul does not insist upon, as it was part of the Mosaic Law that was fulfilled in Christ (as seen in Colossians 2:16–17).
Shalom.
J.