Educating unitarians on biblical worhip

civic

Active Member
This thread will discuss the 2 Greek words used in the N.T. for worship- proskeuno and latreuo

No Jew would ever worship anyone or anything except God. You shall have no other gods- worship God alone.

And we know the disciples worshiped Jesus and He allowed their worship. And many others in the gospel accounts worshiped Jesus.

This First Commandment sets the tone for the first four commandments, which can be summarized as, “You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart, with all your soul, and with all your strength” (Deuteronomy 6:5). Jesus Christ called this summation the great commandment (Matthew 22:37-38).

And we know Jesus commanded His disciples love Him by forsaking everything to follow Him, total allegiance to Him and that they would be persecuted and die for Him. Only God can make such demands of anyone. Otherwise it’s idolatry.

And Jesus accepts all the same worship, glory, praise, honor, prayer that the Father receives from the Apostles.

And His Apostles called Him God and worshipped Him as God.

I will throw this one in for free at no charge.

Thomas never called the Father his God- But he called Jesus his Lord and his God.

And Jesus accepted being called his God( THEOS, YHWH) and allowed Thomas to worship Him. thus breaking the first commandment for any Jew.

But wait Thomas didn't break the 1st commandment because Jesus was His God !!!!!!!!

And all these below are worshipers of God the Son

1-We see in Matthew 2:11 the Magi worships Jesus
2-We see in Matthew 8:2 that a leper worships Jesus
3-We see in Matthew 9:18 Jairus worships Jesus
4-We see in Matthew 15:25 that a woman worships Jesus
5-We see in Matthew 14:33 the disciples worship Jesus
6-We see in John 9:38 that a blind man worships Jesus
7-We see in Matthew 28:9 the women worship Jesus
8-We see in Matthew 28:17 all the disciples worship Jesus
9-We see in Revelation 4 all creation worships Jesus.
10-We see in Revelation 5 all creation worships Jesus

Was the Son worshiped? Or was He simply given obeisance as so many unitarians contend?

Matt 2:11 And going into the house they saw the child with Mary his mother, and they fell down and worshiped him. Then, opening their treasures, they offered him gifts, gold and frankincense and myrrh.

The verb used in the above text is προσεκύνησαν (prosekunesan) from προσκυνέω (proskuneo), rendered worshiped.

There are 65 verses that contain the word. I would encourage you to go here and examine each use. Lets take a look at few occurrences to see if in fact the NT authors really meant for the religious worship of the Son of God.

John 4:20 Our fathers worshiped on this mountain, but you say that in Jerusalem is the place where people ought to worship

Mat 14:33 And those in the boat worshiped him, saying, “Truly you are the Son of God.”

Mat 28:9 And behold, Jesus met them and said, “Greetings!” And they came up and took hold of his feet and worshiped him.

Matt 28:17 And when they saw him they worshiped him, but some doubted.

Acts 7:43 You took up the tent of Moloch, and the star of your god Rephan, the images that you made to worship; and I will send you into exile beyond Babylon

Rev 5:14 And the four living creatures said, “Amen!” and the elders fell down and worshiped.

Rev 7:11 And all the angels were standing around the throne and around the elders and the four living creatures, and they fell on their faces before the throne and worshiped God,

Rev 11:16 And the twenty-four elders who sit on their thrones before God fell on their faces and worshiped God,

Rev 13:4 And they worshiped the dragon, for he had given his authority to the beast, and they worshiped the beast, saying, “Who is like the beast, and who can fight against it?”

Rev 19:4 And the twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and worshiped God who was seated on the throne, saying, “Amen. Hallelujah!”

Rev 20:4 Then I saw thrones, and seated on them were those to whom the authority to judge was committed. Also I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded for the testimony of Jesus and for the word of God, and those who had not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned with Christ for a thousand years.

Is there any question that προσεκύνησαν means actual worship; the same kind of which belongs only to YHWH:

Mat 4:10 Then Jesus said to him, “Be gone, Satan! For it is written, “‘You shall worship the Lord your God and him only shall you serve.’”

Only God deserves to receive spiritual worship from men.


The New Testament word for worship (proskuneo) means to do obeisance, reverence, or acts of homage (see Thayer, Vine, and Arndt & Gingrich). This word is often used to describe men worshiping God: John 4:20-24; Revelation 4:10, 7:11, 11:16, 14:7, 19:4, 15:4; 1 Corinthians 14:25.


Many verses forbid worshiping men, angels, or any created thing.


Acts 10:25, 26 - Cornelius fell down to worship Peter. Peter forbade it saying that he himself was just a man. God deserves worship, but men do not. (Cf. Acts 12:20-23, 14:8-18.)


Revelation 22:8, 9, 19:10 - John sought to worship the angel, but the angel forbade it because he was a "fellow servant." "Worship God."


Romans 1:25 - People who worship and serve created things, rather than the Creator, have left the truth of God.


To worship any created thing - whether man, angel, heavenly body, or some other object in nature (mountain, ocean, etc.) - constitutes idolatry.


Only the true God deserves to be worshipped.


Matthew 4:9, 10 - Worship the Lord your God and serve Him only.


Revelation 9:20 - Idolatry is forbidden because it constitutes worship of someone other than God (Exodus 20:3-6; Deuteronomy 6:13-15; Revelation 14:9-11). [See also Exodus 34:14]


Note: proskunew is forbidden when used for obeisance to men from a spiritual or religious motivation or purpose. The word is sometimes (but rarely) used in the New Testament non-religiously to refer to bowing in obeisance to a king, master, or other person in authority (see Matthew 18:26 - this usage is more common in the Old Testament).


When used for religious honor, however, worship is forbidden toward any except God. In this sense, "worship" is like "lord," "father," "master," etc. The words may be acceptably used for earthly, physical relationships (Ephesians 6:1-9; Colossians 3:21, 22), but we are forbidden to use such as religious honor to men or created things (Matthew 23:8-12). [On Revelation 3:9, cf. to 1 Corinthians 14:25]


The concept of Deity distinguishes the Creator from the creature. Things which are created do not have the unique characteristics of God, do not do the unique works of God, and therefore should not be addressed by the unique names of God nor should they be worshipped.


But Jesus received the unique worship God deserves.


He was often worshipped while He appeared on earth before His resurrection.


Matthew 8:2 - A leper came and worshipped Jesus. [9:18; 15:25; Mark 5:6]


Matthew 14:33 - After Jesus had calmed the storm, the disciples worshipped Him saying He was the Son of God.


John 9:38 - After Jesus had healed the blind man, He revealed Himself to be the Son of God (v35). The man said he believed, and he worshipped Jesus.


Note that such religious worship would have been blasphemy and should have been forbidden as it was in the case of Peter, the angel, etc., if Jesus had been just a man on earth.


Created beings also worship Him after His resurrection.


Matthew 28:9, 17 - After His resurrection, His disciples worshipped Him. [Cf. John 20:28, 29]


Luke 24:52 - Even after He had ascended back to heaven, they worshipped Him.


Hebrews 1:6 - Angels are instructed by God to worship Jesus.


Note that men were rebuked for worshipping men, angels, or created beings, but they were never rebuked for worshipping Jesus. Angels are even instructed by the Father to worship Jesus. The context of the above passages cannot fit the idea of obeisance to an earthly king or ruler. They refer to honoring Jesus as a religious authority - the very thing forbidden when offered to Peter, angels, etc.


Hence, Jesus accepted worship as an act of religious honor. The Scriptures, including Jesus' own teachings, would absolutely forbid this unless He possesses true Deity.


B. Glory and Honor


"Glory" (doxa) means "...praise, honor ... magnificence, excellence, preeminence, dignity, grace ... majesty" - Grimm-Wilke-Thayer.


"Honor" (timh) means "...honor which belongs or is shown to one; the honor of one who outranks others, pre-eminence ... veneration ... deference, reverence..." - Grimm-Wilke-Thayer.


Like the words "power" and "wisdom," both these words can properly be used to refer to men in the physical realm (Matthew 6:29; 1 Peter 1:24). But they are also used to describe a special degree of glory which no one but God can possess.


God receives a special, unique glory and honor.


Psalm 24:7-10 - Jehovah is the "King of glory."


Psalm 29:3 - He is the "God of glory." [Acts 7:2; cf. Isaiah 60:19; Galatians 1:5; etc.]


Revelation 4:9-11 - God deserves this glory because He created all things. Note again the distinction between the creature and the Creator. [Revelation 5:13; Romans 11:36]


Isaiah 42:8, 48:11 - This glory is unique to God in that He refuses to share it with anyone else. Idols and created things have no right to receive this glory.


It follows that it would be blasphemy for anyone but God to receive this unique kind of glory. If anyone does receive this glory with God's approval, then that one must possess Deity.


But Jesus receives the unique glory of God.


John 5:23 - All men should honor the Son "just as" they honor the Father. To fail to give this honor to the Son is to fail to properly honor the Father.


"Just as" (kathos) is translated "even as" in KJV, ASV, NASB, RSV (cf. Thayer and Arndt & Gingrich). Other examples of its use in comparisons is found in Luke 6:31, 11:30, 17:26; John 3:14; 2 Corinthians 10:7; Colossians 3:13; etc.


The significance of the word, when used in comparisons, is that one item or action is just like the other regarding the aspect in which they are being compared. Hence Jesus rightly receives honor just like the honor the Father receives. And if we refuse to give such honor to the Son, then we are refusing to honor the Father!


John 17:5 - Jesus prayed to the Father to "glorify Me together with Yourself, with the glory which I had with You before the world was" (NKJV, cf. NASB, NEB; others are similar - ASV, KJV). Jesus asks to be glorified together with the Father with the glory He possessed "with" (para) the Father from eternity.


The clear implication is that Jesus and the Father both possessed the same glory before the world began. Jesus, in coming to earth as a servant, did not then appear to possess that glory but appeared as a man (this is part of what he gave up on coming to earth - Philippians 2:6-8). But having nearly completed His work on earth (John 17:4) and being ready to ascend to the Father, Jesus anticipated receiving this glory again (Philippians 2:9-11).


However, we have already learned that no one but God can receive the glory God has (Isaiah 42:8, 48:11). Jesus did receive that glory with the approval of the Father. Therefore, Jesus possesses Deity.


Revelation 5:12-14 - Both the Father and the Lamb (Jesus) were praised by the created things, who attributed to them "blessing and honor and glory and power." Note that the same glory and honor belongs to both Father and Son.


Hebrews 1:3 - Jesus is the brightness of the Father's glory (or the effulgence or radiance of His glory). That glory which shines from the Father also shines from Jesus because He is the creator (v2), upholds all things (v3), and is the express image of God (v3).


1 Corinthians 2:8; James 2:1 - Jesus is called the "Lord of glory," just as God in the Old Testament is called the "King of glory" (Psalm 24:7-10).


Note that the glory Jesus possesses is not just the glory possessed by men or angels. His glory is above that of angels (Hebrews 1:6, 13). He is above all principality, power, might, dominion, and every name that is named (Ephesians 1:21; Philippians 2:9-11). No created being possesses the glory and honor Jesus does.


We have seen, however, that Jesus deserves the glory, honor, and worship of Deity even as the Father does. God forbids this to be given to any but Deity, but Jesus does receive it. This would be blasphemy if Jesus were not God.


Conclusion


If Jesus is not Deity, then who is He? To understand God we must realize that God is not part of the created things. God is the Creator, separate and far above the creatures. This distinction is made again and again in the passages we have studied. Jesus must be classed on one side or the other. Either he is a created being or else He is Deity. To say He is not Deity is to say He is a created being. To say He is not a created being is to say He is Deity. There are no other alternatives.


Men are creatures; angels are creatures that are above men. But Jesus is above the angels and is not classed with them (Hebrews chap. 1 - see especially vv 5,6,13). We have seen that He is not an angel nor an exalted man, but the Bible attributes to Him that which can only be said of God. We have learned that:


* Jesus is expressly stated to be God or to possess Deity.
* Jesus is called by names that may only be used for God.
* Jesus possesses characteristics that only God can possess.
* Jesus does work that only God can do.
* Jesus deserves worship and honor that only God deserves.


In all these areas Jesus is described as the Creator, not a created being. He is eternal, has the power, and did the work of creation. He deserves honor as the Creator. Clearly He is not to be classed with the created things but with Deity.


But we have also proved that there is only one true God who made the universe. If Jesus is "god," He is not an idol nor a false god. Since He possesses Deity and there is only one true God, then He must possess true Deity, not some lesser form of deity. He must be included in the one true God or Godhead along with the Father and the Holy Spirit.


Finally, if Jesus is God then He always has been God and always will be God, since God's unique nature cannot change (Hebrews 13:8). God cannot cease to be God nor can God lose the characteristics of God. He can take on non-Divine characteristics as Jesus added the characteristics of a man when He came to earth, and He can limit the use of His powers in order to accomplish His Divine purposes as Jesus did on earth. But He cannot cease to be God and He cannot lose the power and characteristics of God.
 
Part 2

Now to educate the uni's on latreuo

In Matthew 4 I tend to think proskeuno and latreuo are being used interchangeably here, having the same definitional motif, as meaning sacred service to the one true God. But since you're drawing a distinction between "worship" [proskueno] and "service" [latreuo] here, I would be curious to see your definitions of these two words in this particular context?

The NIV, NASB, KJV, NKJ, 21c KJV, Young’s Literal Transl., Wycliffe NT, and the ESV all distinguish between “worship” and “service” in Matthew 4:9-10. I’ve yet to find a version that doesn’t.

Outside of Philippians 3:3; Hebrews 9:9, 10:2, latreuo is invariably rendered “to serve.” That meaning is more than possible in Philippians 3:3, as P. T. O’Brien says, “The choice of latreuw here is deliberate, given that in the LXX it denoted the service rendered to God as his peculiar people.” [Epistle to the Philippians, p.360.] In Hebrews 9:9, 10:2 “to serve” is the proper reading. [See Alan C. Mitchell, Daniel J. Harrington, Hebrews, p.161: “ ‘Serve’ latreuin is sometimes synonymous with ‘minister’ leitourgein.”]

Certainly, in Matthew 4:9-10 there is conceptual overlap between “worship” and “service”: to worship is a form of service. But as used through the LXX and NT, latreuo is more generic.

Latreruo rev 22,3

· The Father and the Son, although two distinct persons, are seen sitting one throne not two. (Rev 3:21, 22:1-3) It says throne not "thrones." This is a fatal blow to Unitarians and Jehovah's Witnesses who would logically expect there to be two thrones. They just cannot understand how the father and son are sitting on ONE throne at the same time.

· Christians are called, "bond-servants" (common word for slave) who serve the Father and the Son who are referred to as "Him" rather than "them." Yet we also know that the very first statement in the book of Revelation 1:1 is that Christians are bondservants of Christ. Then again Jesus calls Christian’s, "His bondslaves". Then again in Rev 2:20 we are called bondservants of Christ. Interestingly, in Revelation 7:3, 11:18, 19:2, 5 the Christians are called bondslaves of the Father. This is very significant, because when we finally get to the end of the book, we see Christians called bondslaves of both the Father and the son USING THE SINGLULAR twice in Rev 22:3 and Rev 22:6. Revelation 22:6 Another is the continued use of the singular to refer to both the Father and the Son: "And he said to me, "These words are faithful and true"; and the Lord, the God of the spirits of the prophets, sent His angel to show to His bond-servants the things which must soon take place. " (Revelation 22:6) This is doubly emphasized by Rev 22:16, where Jesus says it was He who sent his angel to Christians.

Revelation 1:1 The Revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave Him to show to His [Christ’s] bond-servants, the things which must soon take place; and He sent and communicated it by His angel to His [Christ’s] bond-servant John,

Revelation 2:20 ‘But I have this against you, that you tolerate the woman Jezebel , who calls herself a prophetess , and she teaches and leads My [Christ’s] bond-servants astray so that they commit acts of immorality and eat things sacrificed to idols .

Revelation 22:3 There will no longer be any curse; and the throne of God and of the Lamb will be in it, and His bond-servants will serve Him [both Father and Son]

· In Rev 22:3 they will serve the Father and Son as "him" rather than "them".

· It uses the singular "face" that they see, rather than faces. Yet if both are sitting on the throne, it is obvious they see the faces of both at the same time.

· Both the Father and the Son's name is to be marked on the foreheads of Christians. (Rev 3:12, 14:1) Yet Revelation 22:4 uses the singular "His name" on the forehead, proving it refers to both although it sounds like it refers to a single individual. Another interesting observation is that Rev 14:1 uses the plural names, yet in Rev 22, where the unity is strongly emphasized, the singular name is used. This powerfully proves that both the Father and Son are served by Christians in Rev 22:3.

· In Rev 22:5, The Father and Son reign forever. Yet in Rev 20:6 the singular "Him" is applied to the two of them, as though they are one.



The parallel use of Him to refer to two people in Rev 20:6 proves Rev 22:3 refers to both Jesus and the Father.

  1. Both are co-recipients of worship Heb 1:6; Rev 5:11-14; Matt 14:33, 28:9; John 9:38; Rev 19:10
  2. Both are co-recipients of the kind of "service" that is only allowed to God: Matt 4:10; Rev 22:3f Greek--latreuo)
  3. Notice the identical structure in Rev 20:6 speaks of Christ or both, but not the Father alone. "but they will be priests of God and of Christ and will reign with Him for a thousand years." Rev 20:6
  4. Both Rev 20:6 and 22:3 have the Father and the Son referred to as the singular "him". This shows the unity between the two.
  5. Both Rev 20:6 and 22:3 use the singular HIM to refer to both the Father and the Son.
  6. Now Notice Rev 20:4, "reigned with Christ for a thousand years"
  7. What this means is that Rev 20:6 sets up a precedent that when two are mentioned, if it refers to only one of either the Father or the Son, it must refer to the latter!
  8. This means that, based upon the example of Rev 20:6, the one we are said to serve in Rev 22:3 is Christ.
  9. Of course we believe the singular refers to both, but Jehovah's Witnesses twist the passage to refer to only one. We are merely proving that if the singular "serve Him" rather than "serve them" refers to only one, it would be the last one mentioned... the Son. This is exactly what happens in Rev 20:6.
  10. The Jehovah’s Witnesses completely ignore this fact and claim that Rev 22:3 excludes Christ. They don’t comprehend the irrefutable power of the pattern of "singular use" in the Book of Revelation and specifically Rev 20:6.

The Father and the Son, although two distinct persons, are seen sitting one throne not two. (Rev 3:21, 22:1-3) It says throne not "thrones." This is a fatal blow to unitarians who would logically expect there to be two thrones. They just cannot understand how the father and son are sitting on ONE throne at the same time. Also we see the following regarding the One God seen in the passages of Revelation as the Father/Son. We see the singular face that they see not faces faces. Both are sitting on the throne, it is obvious they see the faces of both at the same time. Both the Father and the Son' name is marked on the their foreheads in Rev 3:12 and 14:1) But we also see in 22:4 uses the singular His name on their foreheads. In Rev 14:1 we see the plural names but in Rev 22 the singular name is used. . Also in 22:5 the Father and Son together reign forever and in 20:6 the singular Him is applied to the Father/Son, because they are the One God. We see the plurality of the Godhead in display throughout the book of Revelation and that One God who is 3 Persons being described in the singular many times. Believers worship the one God on the One throne with the name of the Father/Son on their foreheads worshiping Him(Father and Son). They see His face (Father/Son). We also see Jesus tell us the same thing in Matt 28:19 when He declares to His Disciples to baptize them(plural) in the name(singular) of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. #3 Distinct Persons, One name, One God. This is exactly what we see in the book of Revelation.

hope this helps !!!
 
Back
Top Bottom