| Topic | Trinitarian Belief | Unitarian Belief | What the Bible Says |
|---|
| Nature of God | One God in three coequal, coeternal Persons — Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19). | One God, the Father alone is the only true God. Jesus is the Messiah and Son of God, not God Himself. | “This is eternal life: that they may know You, the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom You have sent.” — John 17:3; “For us there is one God, the Father.” — 1 Cor 8:6 |
| Identity of Jesus | Jesus is fully God and fully man, the 2nd Person of the Trinity, eternal and uncreated (John 1:1). | Jesus is God’s human Son, miraculously begotten, representing God’s Word and authority but not the same Being as God. | “The man Christ Jesus” — 1 Tim 2:5; “God has made this Jesus… both Lord and Christ.” — Acts 2:36; “My Father is greater than I.” — John 14:28 |
| Holy Spirit | The Holy Spirit is the third divine Person of the Trinity, coequal with Father and Son. | The Spirit is God’s power, presence, or mind in action — not a separate divine Person. | “God has poured out His Spirit upon all flesh.” — Acts 2:17; “The Holy Spirit of God” — Eph 4:30 (possessive, not independent person). |
| Jesus’ Origin | Jesus pre-existed eternally as God the Son before His birth. | Jesus began when He was conceived by the Holy Spirit in Mary (Luke 1:35). | “The holy thing born of you shall be called the Son of God.” — Luke 1:35; “Today I have begotten you.” — Heb 1:5 |
| Jesus’ Relationship to the Father | Equal in essence but distinct in person; unity of substance. | Subordinate to the Father; depends on Him for authority, life, and teaching. | “The Son can do nothing by Himself; He can do only what He sees His Father doing.” — John 5:19; “My teaching is not mine.” — John 7:16 |
| Worship | Jesus and the Holy Spirit are worshiped as God. | Worship is directed to the Father through the Son. | “You shall worship the Lord your God, and Him only shall you serve.” — Matt 4:10; “I ascend to My Father and your Father, My God and your God.” — John 20:17 |
| God’s Visibility | God the Son appeared in the Old Testament and incarnated as Jesus. | God is invisible; Jesus reveals God’s character and speaks His words. | “No one has ever seen God.” — John 1:18; “He is the image of the invisible God.” — Col 1:15 |
| Salvation | Comes through faith in the divine Christ whose death has infinite value because He is God. | Comes through faith in the human Messiah, whom God raised and exalted. | “By a man came death, by a man also came the resurrection of the dead.” — 1 Cor 15:21; “God raised Him from the dead.” — Acts 2:24 |
| Jesus’ Knowledge | As God, He is omniscient; as man, He voluntarily limited knowledge. | As man, He genuinely did not know certain things because He is not God. | “Of that day and hour no one knows, not even the Son.” — Mark 13:32 |
| God’s Oneness | “One Being, three Persons.” | “One Being, one Person — the Father.” | “I am the LORD, and there is no other; besides Me there is no God.” — Isa 45:5; “There is one God, and one mediator between God and men, the man Christ Jesus.” — 1 Tim 2:5 |