Yes. However, the author states that Jesus died for "us" (Jews/mixed race JEWS), He is also the propitiation for the sins of the whole world. It is a new covenant. It includes the Gentiles for salvation. The tree Paul writes about is not Israel. It is not the church. It is the new covenant. God took non-Jewish Gentiles from an uncultivated, wild tree, and grafted them in by His kindness. He cut the Jews out for unbelief in His severity. He, who has dealt with the Jews for so long, and even made a covenant with them, had them reject the covenant, so God is severe. However, while He would quickly cut out any Gentile who does not continue in His kindness, never to reattach, God will quickly reattach any Jew that repents and believes. The Gentiles do not have any other opportunity. Again, the distinction that exists between the chosen people of God of Israel, and those God chose of the non-Jewish Gentiles to whom He shows kindness. This is something you need to understand.
Yes. However, Jesus also saves Gentililes. Those who have no law at all, and those who are a law unto themselves. However, this is ONLY by faith. It isn't just, you are saved. It is the same for Jews. For Jews, they are both physical descendants of Abraham, who are destined to die and be damned, but for some, they are also spiritual descendants of Abraham by faith. This is why Jesus more than once ridicules those who say that they are something because they are descendants of Abraham. (Physical.) What did Jesus tell Nicodemus about those who were solely of the flesh? They will not see the kingdom of God. Only those born again of the spirit.
Paul was no longer a pharisee. He was dead set against the Judaizers. Paul tells us that the Old Testament is silent on Gentiles entering the church, but that this mystery had been revealed to him and the disciples at that time. Paul understands that. He has Timothy circumcised because he is part Jewish on his mother's side (while his father is a greek). Jewish ethnicity is recognized from the mother's side, not father's side. He did not have TItus get circumcised because Titus was a non-Jewish Gentile. There is a lot to this, so it isn't that simple, because it is also because if Timothy didn't get circumcised, it would have caused issues for Paul's ministry, just as it would have if Titus had gotten circumcised.
You are in error. By saying that salvation for the Jews is not by faith, you make yourself a heretic. Why? That is not the gospel. Paul said that anyone who did not teach/preach the gospel he had is accursed of God. Get yourself right on the gospel. Paul said the gospel is Christ and Christ crucified. Savlation by fatih in Christ. Believe in the Lord Jesus Christ and thou shalt be saved. Get the gospel right. Then understand that the gospel is to all people. That doesn't change the existence of the Jews and the Gentililes. Their place is still present in the Bible. God is fulfilling the promise that He made with the serpent through Eve. Her seed. Not Adam's seed. (Perhaps He already spoke of a virgin birth even then?)
Savlation is for any who will believe in Jesus by faith. If they will not believe in Jesus by faith, they will not be saved. Neither Jew, nor non-Jewish Gentile. Read about what God has to say about the 1/3rd of Israel and the 2/3rds. He makes it VERY clear that the 2/3rds are damned.
