[H7585] שְׁאוֹל shᵉʼôwl, sheh-ole'; or שְׁאֹל shᵉʼôl; from
H7592; hades or the world of the dead (as if a subterranean retreat), including its accessories and inmates:—grave, hell, pit. [occurs 66 times in 64 verses]
† שְׁאוֺל, שְׁאֹל noun feminine<a href="
https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/psa/86/13/s_564013">Psalm 86:13</a> (apparently masculine
Job 26:6 compare
Isaiah 14:9, see AlbrZAW xvi(1896), 51)
She’ôl, underworld (√ dubious; שׁאל, i.e.
palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) JastrAmos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (JeremiasLebenn. d. Tode 109
'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes BöDe Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √ שׁעל, whence שֹׁעַל
hallow hand, etc.; שׁ׳ then =
hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see Hup<a href="
https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/psa/6/6/s_484006">Psalm 6:6</a> De<a href="
https://www.blueletterbible.org/kjv/isa/5/14/s_684014">Isaiah 5:14</a> BeerBibl. Hades in HoltzmannFestgabe, 1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic שאול, Syriac
; Assyrian šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets DlPa 121, Prol. 47. 145 JastrAmos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bibs.v.; opposed to by BertinTSBA viii. 269 JenKosmol. 223 ff. ZimKAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-ArnoltJBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute, שְׁאוֺל
Deuteronomy 32:22 + 52 times,הָ֯
Genesis 42:38;
Psalm 9:18; שְׁאֹל
1 Kings 2:6;
Job 17:16, הָ֯
Genesis 37:35 +7 times; +
Isaiah 7:11 (so read for שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —
1. the underworld, תַּחְתִּית שׁ׳
Deuteronomy 32:22, מִתַּחַת
Isaiah 14:9; מִ֑טָּה מִשּׁ׳
Proverbs 15:24; || מָוֶת
Proverbs 5:5;
Proverbs 7:27;
Songs 8:6;
Psalm 89:49; whither men descend at death,
Genesis 37:35 (E),
Genesis 42:38;
Genesis 44:29,
31 (J),
1 Samuel 2:6;
1 Kings 2:6,
9;
Job 7:9;
Job 21:13;
Isaiah 14:11,
15;
Psalm 88:4, and
Korah and associates go down alive by י׳'s judgment,
Numbers 16:30,
33 (J), compare
Psalm 55:16; under mountains and sea
Job 26:6 (compare
Job 26:5), בֶּטֶן שׁ׳
Jonah 2:3 (compare
Jonah 2:7); with bars
Job 17:16 (si vera lectio: see Du); שׁ׳ פִּי
Psalm 141:7; שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳
Isaiah 38:10; personified
Isaiah 28:15,
18 (|| מות). as insatiable monster
Isaiah 5:14;
Habakkuk 2:5;
Proverbs 1:12;
Proverbs 27:20;
Proverbs 30:16; as said (figurative) to have snares, חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳
Psalm 18:6 =
2 Samuel 22:6 compare מְצָרֵי שׁ׳
Psalm 116:3; opposed to (height of) שָׁמַיִם
Amos 9:2;
Job 11:8;
Psalm 139:8 + (opposed to לְמָ֑עְלָה)
Isaiah 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return
Job 17:13 (compare
Job 17:16;
Job 7:9;
Job 10:21;
Job 16:22; all being alike
Job 3:17-19;
Job 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to
Ecclesiastes 9:5,
6,
10 (compare
Job 14:21, and see רְפָאִים below רפה; yet compare
Isaiah 14:9f.).
2. condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in שׁ׳ (later than
1 Samuel 28, especially in Wisdom Literature):
3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳ :
b. וַאֲבַדּוֺן שׁ׳
Proverbs 25:11, see אֲבַדּוֺן. [שַׁחַת and בּוֺר, which see, when || שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (
Psalm 88:4); probably = pit in שׁ׳, > שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
[G1067] γέεννα géenna, gheh'-en-nah; of Hebrew origin (
H1516 and
H2011); valley of (the son of) Hinnom; ge-henna (or Ge-Hinnom), a valley of Jerusalem, used (figuratively) as a name for the place (or state) of everlasting punishment:—hell. [occurs 12 times in 12 verses]
γέεννα [others would accent γεέννα, deriving it through the Chaldee. In
Mark 9:45 Rec.st γέενα], -ης [Buttmann, 17 (15)], ἡ, (from הִנֹּם גֵּי,
Nehemiah 11:30; more fully בֶּן־הִנֹּם גֵּיא,
Joshua 15:8;
Joshua 18:16;
2 Chronicles 28:3;
Jeremiah 7:32; בְּנֵי־הִנֹּם גֵּי,
2 Kings 23:10 K'ethibh; Chaldean גְּהִנָם, the valley of the son of lamentation, or of the sons of lamentation, the valley of lamentation, הִנֹּם being used for נִהֹם lamentation; see
Hiller, Onomasticum; cf. Hitzig [and Graf] on
Jeremiah 7:31; [
Böttcher, De Inferis, i., p. 82ff]; accusative to the common opinion הִנֹּם is the name of a man), Gehenna, the name of a valley on the south and east of Jerusalem [yet apparently beginning on the West, cf.
Joshua 15:8;
Pressel in Herzog, under the word], which was so called from the cries of the little children who were thrown into the fiery arms of Moloch [which see], i. e. of an idol having the form of a bull. The Jews so abhorred the place after these horrible sacrifices had been abolished by king Josiah (
2 Kings 23:10), that they cast into it not only all manner of refuse, but even the dead bodies of animals and of unburied criminals who had been executed. And since fires were always needed to consume the dead bodies, that the air might not become tainted by the putrefaction, it came to pass that the place was called γέεννα τοῦ πυρός [this common explanation of the descriptive genitive τοῦ πυρός is found in Rabbi David Kimchi (fl. circa A.D. 1200) on
Psalm 27:13. Some suppose the genitive to refer not to purifying fires but to the fires of Moloch; others regard it as the natural symbol of penalty (cf.
Leviticus 10:2;
Numbers 16:35;
2 Kings 1;
Psalm 11:6; also
Matthew 3:11;
Matthew 13:42;
2 Thessalonians 1:8, etc.). See
Böttcher, as above, p. 84; Meyer (Thol.,) Wetstein on
Matthew 5:22]; and then this name was transferred to that place in Hades where the wicked after death will suffer punishment:
Matthew 5:22,
29;
Matthew 10:28;
Luke 12:5;
Mark 9:43,
45;
James 3:6; γέεννα τοῦ πυρός,
Matthew 5:22;
Matthew 18:9;
Mark 9:47 [R G Tr marginal reading brackets]; κρίσις τῆς γέεννης,
Matthew 23:33; υἱὸς τῆς γέεννης, worthy of punishment in Gehenna,
Matthew 23:15. Further, cf.
Dillmann, Buch Henoch, 27, 1f, p. 131f; [B. D. American edition;
Böttcher, as above, p. 80ff;
Hamburger, Real-Encycl., Abth. I. under the word Hölle;
Bartlett, Life and Death eternal, Appendix H.].
[H7585] sheol, underworld, grave, hell, pit
- the underworld
- Sheol - the OT designation for the abode of the dead
- place of no return
- without praise of God
- wicked sent there for punishment
- righteous not abandoned to it
- of the place of exile (fig)
- of extreme degradation in sin
[G1067]
Hell is the place of the future punishment called "Gehenna" or "Gehenna of fire". This was originally the valley of Hinnom, south of Jerusalem, where the filth and dead animals of the city were cast out and burned; a fit symbol of the wicked and their future destruction.
