The Doctrine of Divine Simplicity

It appears there was a false appeal involved in quoting those scholars
we see that happen here frequently with those trying to support their presuppositions. or they will deny the scholarly sources from their own group which contradicts their beliefs.
 
One must be a Greek scholar to translate from Greek to English. He was unbias all the way. He didn't even accept Jesus. He exposed the false religions.
no one can trust a secularist when it comes to the bible- thanks for letting us know. I suppose you are also one who believes in evolution and science over scripture.
 
You have no clue what you are talking about and have never studied NT Greek. Here are what the actual real Greek Scholars have to say about John 1:1 below.

Omission of the article with "Theos" does not mean the word is "a god." If we examine the passages where the article is not used with "Theos" we see the rendering "a god" makes no sense (Mt 5:9, 6:24; Lk 1:35, 78; 2:40; Jn 1:6, 12, 13, 18; 3:2, 21; 9:16, 33; Ro 1:7, 17, 18; 1 Co 1:30; 15:10; Phil 2:11, 13; Titus 1:1). The "a god" position would have the Jehovah's Witnesses translate every instance where the article is absent. As "a god (nominative), of a god (genitive), to or for a god (dative)." But they do not! "Theou" is the genitive case of the SAME noun "Theos" which they translate as "a god" in John 1:1. But they do not change "Theou" "of God" (Jehovah), in Matthew 5:9, Luke 1:35, 78; and John 1:6. The J.W.’s are not consistent in their biblical hermeneutics they have a bias which is clearly seen throughout their bible.

Other examples-In Jn.4:24 "God is Spirit, not a spirit. In 1 Jn .4:16 "God is love, we don’t translate this a love. In 1 Jn.1:5 "God is light" he is not a light or a lesser light.

WHAT DO GREEK SCHOLARS THINK ABOUT JEHOVAH'S WITNESS TRANSLATION OF JOHN 1:1?

Dr. J. J. Griesback
: "So numerous and clear are the arguments and testimonies of Scriptures in favor of the true Deity of Christ, that I can hardly imagine how, upon the admission of the Divine authority of Scripture, and with regard to fair rules of interpretation, this doctrine can by any man be called in doubt. Especially the passage John 1:1 is so clear and so superior to all exception, that by no daring efforts of either commentators or critics can it be snatched out of the hands of the defenders of the truth."

Dr. Eugene A. Nida (Head of the Translation Department of the American Bible Society Translators of the GOOD NEWS BIBLE): "With regard to John 1:1 there is, of course, a complication simply because the NEW WORLD TRANSLATION was apparently done by persons who did not take seriously the syntax of the Greek". ( Bill and Joan Cetnar Questions for Jehovah's Witnesses "who love the truth" p..55

Dr. William Barclay (University of Glasgow, Scotland): "The deliberate distortion of truth by this sect is seen in their New Testament translations. John 1:1 translated:'. . . the Word was a god'.a translation which is grammatically impossible. it is abundantly clear that a sect which can translate the New Testament like that is intellectually dishonest. THE EXPOSITORY TIMES Nov, 1985

Dr. B. F. Westcott (Whose Greek text is used in JW KINGDOM INTERLINEAR): "The predicate (God) stands emphatically first, as in 4:24. It is necessarily without the article . . . No idea of inferiority of nature is suggested by the form of expression, which simply affirms the true Deity of the Word . . . in the third clause `the Word' is declared to be `God' and so included in the unity of the Godhead." The Gospel According to St. John (Eerdmans,1953- reprint) p. 3, (The Bible Collector, July-December, 1971, p. 12.)

Dr. Anthony Hoekema, commented: Their New World Translation of the Bible is by no means an objective rendering of the sacred text into Modern English, but is a biased translation in which many of the peculiar teachings of the Watchtower Society are smuggled into the text of the Bible itself (The Four Major Cults, pp. 238, 239].

Dr. Ernest C. Colwell (University of Chicago): "A definite predicate nominative has the article when it follows the verb; it does not have the article when it precedes the verb; . . .this statement cannot be regarded as strange in the prologue of the gospel which reaches its climax in the confession of Thomas. `My Lord and my God.' " John 20:28

Dr. F. F. Bruce (University of Manchester, England): "Much is made by Arian amateur grammarians of the omission of the definite article with `God' in the phrase `And the Word was God'. Such an omission is common with nouns in a predicate construction. `a god' would be totally indefensible."

Dr. Paul L. Kaufman (Portland OR.): "The Jehovah's Witness people evidence an abysmal ignorance of the basic tenets of Greek grammar in their mistranslation of John 1:1."

Dr. Charles L. Feinberg (La Mirada CA.): "I can assure you that the rendering which the Jehovah's Witnesses give John 1:1 is not held by any reputable Greek scholar."

Dr. Robert Countess, who wrote a doctoral dissertation on the Greek text of the New World Translation, concluded that the The Christ of the New World Translation "has been sharply unsuccessful in keeping doctrinal considerations from influencing the actual translation .... It must be viewed as a radically biased piece of work. At some points it is actually dishonest. At others it is neither modern nor scholarly "78 No wonder British scholar H.H. Rowley asserted, "From beginning to end this volume is a shining example of how the Bible should not be translated."79 Indeed, Rowley said, this translation is "an insult to the Word of God."

Dr. Harry A. Sturz: (Dr. Sturz is Chairman of the Language Department and Professor of Greek at Biola College) "Therefore, the NWT rendering: "the Word was a god" is not a "literal" but an ungrammatical and tendential translation. A literal translation in English can be nothing other than: "the word was God." THE BIBLE COLLECTOR July - December, 1971 p. 12

Dr. J. Johnson of California State University, Long Beach. When asked to comment on the Greek, said, "No justification whatsoever for translating theos en ho logos as 'the Word was a god'. There is no syntactical parallel to Acts 23:6 where there is a statement in indirect discourse. Jn.1:1 is direct.. I am neither a Christian nor a Trinitarian.

DO ANY REPUTABLE GREEK SCHOLARS AGREE WITH THE NEW WORLD TRANSLATION OF JOHN 1:1?

A. T. Robertson: "So in John 1:1 theos en ho logos the meaning has to be the Logos was God, -not God was the Logos." A New short Grammar of the Greek Testament, AT. Robertson and W. Hersey Davis (Baker Book House, p. 279.

E. M. Sidebottom:"...the tendency to write 'the Word was divine' for theos en ho Iogos springs from a reticence to attribute the full Christian position to john. The Christ of the Fourth Gospel (S.P.C.K., 1961), p. 461.

C. K. Barrett: "The absence of the article indicates that the Word is God, but is not the only being of whom this is true; if ho theos had been written it would have implied that no divine being existed outside the second person of the Trinity." The Gospel According to St. John (S.P.C.K., 1955), p. 76.

C. H. Dodd: "On this analogy, the meaning of _theos en ho logos will be that the ousia of ho logos, that which it truly is, is rightly denominated theos... That is the ousia of ho theos (the personal God of Abraham,) the Father goes without saying. In fact, the Nicene homoousios to patri is a perfect paraphrase." "New Testament Translation Problems the bible Translator, 28, 1 (Jan. 1977), P. 104.

Randolph 0. Yeager: "Only sophomores in Greek grammar are going to translate ..and the Word was a God.' The article with logos, shows that to logos is thesubject of the verb en and the fact that theos is without the article designates it as the predicate nominative. The emphatic position of theos demands that we translate '...and the Word was God.' John is not saying as Jehovah's Witnesses are fond of teaching that Jesus was only one of many Gods. He is saying precisely the opposite." The Renaissance New Testament, Vol. 4 (Renaissance Press, 1980), P. 4.

Henry Alford: "Theos must then be taken as implying God, in substance and essence,--not ho theos, 'the Father,' in person. It noes not = theios; nor is it to be rendered a God--but, as in sarx engeneto, sarx expresses that state into which the Divine Word entered by a-definite act, so in theos en, theos expresses that essence which was His en arche:--that He was very God . So that this first verse must be connected thus: the Logos was from eternity,--was with God (the Father),--and was Himself God." (Alford's Greek Testament: An Exegetical and Critical Commentary, Vol. I, Part II Guardian 'press 1976 ; originally published 1871). p. 681.

Donald Guthrie: "The absence of the article with Theos has misled some into t inking teat the correct understanding of the statement would be that 'the word was a God' (or divine), but this is grammatically indefensible since Theos is a predicate." New Testament Theology (InterVarsity Press, 1981), p. 327.

Bruce M. Metzger, Professor of New Testament Language and literature at Princeton Theological Seminary said: "Far more pernicious in this same verse is the rendering, . . . `and the Word was a god,' with the following footnotes: " `A god,' In contrast with `the God' ". It must be stated quite frankly that, if the Jehovah's Witnesses take this translation seriously, they are polytheists. In view of the additional light which is available during this age of Grace, such a representation is even more reprehensible than were the heathenish, polytheistic errors into which ancient Israel was so prone to fall. As a matter of solid fact, however, such a rendering is a frightful mistranslation." "The Jehovah's Witnesses and Jesus Christ," Theology Today (April 1953), p. 75.

James Moffatt: "'The Word was God . . .And the Word became flesh,' simply means he Word was divine . . . . And the Word became human.' The Nicene faith, in the Chalcedon definition, was intended to conserve both of these truths against theories that failed to present Jesus as truly God and truly man ...." Jesus Christ the Same (Abingdon-Cokesbury, 1945), p. 61.

E. C. Colwell: "...predicate nouns preceding the verb cannot be regarded as indefinite -or qualitative simply because they lack the article; it could be regarded as indefinite or qualitative only if this is demanded by the context,and in the case of John l:l this is not so." A Definite Rule for the Use of the Article in the Greek New Testament," Journal of Biblical Literature, 52 (1933), p. 20.

Philip B. Harner: "Perhaps the clause could be translated, 'the Word had the same nature as God.' This would be one way of representing John's thought, which is, as I understand it,"that ho logos, no less than ho theos, had the nature of theos.""(Qualitative Anarthrous Predicate Nouns Mark 15:39 and John 1:1," journal of Biblical Literature, 92, 1 (March 1973), p. 87.

Philip Harner states in the Journal of Biblical Literature, 92, 1 (March 1973) on Jn.1:1 "In vs. 1c the Johannine hymn is bordering on the usage of 'God' for the Son, but by omitting the article it avoids any suggestion of personal identification of the Word with the Father. And for Gentile readers the line also avoids any suggestion that the Word was a second God in any Hellenistic sense." (pg. 86. Harner notes the source of this quote: Brown, John I-XII, 24)

Julius R. Mantey; "Since Colwell's and Harner's article in JBL, especially that of Harner, it is neither scholarly nor reasonable to translate John 1:1 'The Word was a god.' Word-order has made obsolete and incorrect such a rendering .... In view of the preceding facts, especially because you have been quoting me out of context, I herewith request you not to quote the Manual Grammar of the Greek New Testament again, which you have been doing for 24 years." Letter from Mantey to the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. "A Grossly Misleading Translation .... John 1:1, which reads 'In the beginning was the Word and the Word was with God and the Word was God,' is shockingly mistranslated, 'Originally the Word was, and the Word was with God, and the Word was a god,' in a New World Translation of the Christian Greek Scriptures, published under the auspices o Jehovah's Witnesses." Statement JR Mantey, published in various sources.

Many of these Greek scholars are world-renowned whose works the Jehovah's Witnesses have quoted in their publications to help them look reputable. Westcott is the Greek scholar who with Hort edited the Greek text of the New Testament used by the Jehovah's Witnesses. Yeager is a professor of Greek and the star pupil of Julius Mantey. Metzger is the world's leading scholar on the-textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. It is scholars of this quality who insist that John l: l cannot be taken to mean anything less than that the Word is the one true Almighty God.

I do want to say that there are some scholars that translate the word was a God or divine but they are in the very low percentages. If they were ever in a discussion with the scholars afore mentioned it would be clear they would not be able to hold a candle to their understanding. Yet JWs and a few other groups do run to these men's opinions to prop up their teaching.http://www.letusreason.org/jw38.htm

hope this helps !!!
They are lying and they know it-2Cor 4:4 is proof of how its translated when 2 in the same paragraph are called God or god-One word ends in a g like character the other in a v like character at both John 1:1 and 2 Cor 4:4, to show a difference the difference= God and god.
100% fact=the Word was not called the same thing as the true God was called.
 
One must be a Greek scholar to translate from Greek to English. He was unbias all the way. He didn't even accept Jesus. He exposed the false religions.
No not necessarily With modern tools anyone can provide a translation

The point is known established scholars who have the works to prove their expertease rebut his claims
 
They are lying and they know it-2Cor 4:4 is proof of how its translated when 2 in the same paragraph are called God or god-One word ends in a g like character the other in a v like character at both John 1:1 and 2 Cor 4:4, to show a difference the difference= God and god.
100% fact=the Word was not called the same thing as the true God was called.
nope thats just a typical response form those who isolate a passage to support their preconceived ideas. presuppositionalism at work.
 
it was 1822
So what?

One can easily apply his claims to the texts of scripture as was shown and see a god is not a consistent translation

But take this example continuing nf John's gospel

the bogus translation based upon the work of your "scholar" should read

John 1:6–18 (NASB 2020) — 6 A man came, one sent from a god, and his name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to testify about the Light, so that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light. 9 This was the true Light that, coming into the world, enlightens every person. 10 He was in the world, and the world came into being through Him, and yet the world did not know Him. 11 He came to His own, and His own people did not accept Him. 12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of a god, to those who believe in His name, 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man, but of a god. 14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us; and we saw His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John testified about Him and called out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who is coming after me has proved to be my superior, because He existed before me.’ ” 16 For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. 17 For the Law was given through Moses; grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has seen a god at any time; a god the only Son, who is in the arms of the Father, He has explained Him.

as opposed to a real translation

John 1:5–18 (ESV) — 5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. 6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to bear witness about the light, that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the light, but came to bear witness about the light. 9 The true light, which gives light to everyone, was coming into the world. 10 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him. 11 He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. 12 But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, 13 who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. 14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 (John bore witness about him, and cried out, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me.’ ”) 16 For from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace. 17 For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known.
 
So what?

One can easily apply his claims to the texts of scripture as was shown and see a god is not a consistent translation

But take this example continuing nf John's gospel

the bogus translation based upon the work of your "scholar" should read

John 1:6–18 (NASB 2020) — 6 A man came, one sent from a god, and his name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to testify about the Light, so that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light. 9 This was the true Light that, coming into the world, enlightens every person. 10 He was in the world, and the world came into being through Him, and yet the world did not know Him. 11 He came to His own, and His own people did not accept Him. 12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of a god, to those who believe in His name, 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man, but of a god. 14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us; and we saw His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John testified about Him and called out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who is coming after me has proved to be my superior, because He existed before me.’ ” 16 For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. 17 For the Law was given through Moses; grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has seen a god at any time; a god the only Son, who is in the arms of the Father, He has explained Him.

as opposed to a real translation

John 1:5–18 (ESV) — 5 The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness has not overcome it. 6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to bear witness about the light, that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the light, but came to bear witness about the light. 9 The true light, which gives light to everyone, was coming into the world. 10 He was in the world, and the world was made through him, yet the world did not know him. 11 He came to his own, and his own people did not receive him. 12 But to all who did receive him, who believed in his name, he gave the right to become children of God, 13 who were born, not of blood nor of the will of the flesh nor of the will of man, but of God. 14 And the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, and we have seen his glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 (John bore witness about him, and cried out, “This was he of whom I said, ‘He who comes after me ranks before me, because he was before me.’ ”) 16 For from his fullness we have all received, grace upon grace. 17 For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has ever seen God; the only God, who is at the Father’s side, he has made him known.
It is worded exactly as 2 Cor 4:4--one called a Greek word ending in a g like character, one ends in a v like character, yet they have-God and god at 2 Cor 4:4 correct. translating is the same at John 1:1--they are not being called the same thing--God and god is the only difference possible as shown at 2 Cor 4:4--the trinity scholars know 100% its FACT.
 
It is worded exactly as 2 Cor 4:4--one called a Greek word ending in a g like character, one ends in a v like character, yet they have-God and god at 2 Cor 4:4 correct. translating is the same at John 1:1--they are not being called the same thing--God and god is the only difference possible as shown at 2 Cor 4:4--the trinity scholars know 100% its FACT.
Did you just ignore what a consistent use of your rule would yield

John 1:6–18 (NASB 2020) — 6 A man came, one sent from a god, and his name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to testify about the Light, so that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light. 9 This was the true Light that, coming into the world, enlightens every person. 10 He was in the world, and the world came into being through Him, and yet the world did not know Him. 11 He came to His own, and His own people did not accept Him. 12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of a god, to those who believe in His name, 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man, but of a god. 14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us; and we saw His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John testified about Him and called out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who is coming after me has proved to be my superior, because He existed before me.’ ” 16 For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. 17 For the Law was given through Moses; grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has seen a god at any time; a god the only Son, who is in the arms of the Father, He has explained Him.

So how many Gods do you believe in?
 
I didn't know about the concept of God simplicity. Thanks for the very interesting post.

I agree in general with Dr William Lane Craig.
We believe in a personal God. A person is not an idea or concept, because a person, as Craig says, "expresses different characteristics in different situations". In other words, a person can decide to do X now, and Y later. A person has his own will, his own mind.

Several minds and wills working together are not a person. They are perhaps a family, a class, a team, a community, a government.
A person can be only one.
The problem for a Trinitarian theology, is that if it admits that God is a Person, then He is one Person.
On the other hand, if Trinitarian theology does not admit that God is a Person, then God is a concept: the concept of an association or team of three persons.

Very well-articulated, thank you. I think the relationship Jesus promoted men to have with His Father, makes this same point. It's a personal ONE ON ONE relationship with a personal God. He instructs me regarding how to approach and talk to His God. HE specifically teaches not to follow this world's religions in their collective religious traditions and outward appearance of reverence. But instead, to speak to God alone, in my closet, where no one else can see. A personal relationship with the God and Father of the Lord's Christ who Jesus wants us to know, through HIM.

And you doing the same, and another doing the same makes up the Body of Christ, the Church of God. This was Paul's understanding as well, in my understanding.

Eph. 4: 4 There is one body, and one Spirit, even as ye are called in one hope of your calling; 5 One Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 One God and Father of all, who "is above all", and through all, and in you all.

Very good post my friend.
 
Did you just ignore what a consistent use of your rule would yield

John 1:6–18 (NASB 2020) — 6 A man came, one sent from a god, and his name was John. 7 He came as a witness, to testify about the Light, so that all might believe through him. 8 He was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light. 9 This was the true Light that, coming into the world, enlightens every person. 10 He was in the world, and the world came into being through Him, and yet the world did not know Him. 11 He came to His own, and His own people did not accept Him. 12 But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of a god, to those who believe in His name, 13 who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of a man, but of a god. 14 And the Word became flesh, and dwelt among us; and we saw His glory, glory as of the only Son from the Father, full of grace and truth. 15 John testified about Him and called out, saying, “This was He of whom I said, ‘He who is coming after me has proved to be my superior, because He existed before me.’ ” 16 For of His fullness we have all received, and grace upon grace. 17 For the Law was given through Moses; grace and truth were realized through Jesus Christ. 18 No one has seen a god at any time; a god the only Son, who is in the arms of the Father, He has explained Him.

So how many Gods do you believe in?
A god is not present at the spots you have shown.
 
Simplicity is Plato's direct description in the Phaedo dialogue of the greek (pagan) god concept of the oversoul. Do not look to wikipedia; it has errors.
One must be a Greek scholar to translate from Greek to English. He was unbias all the way. He didn't even accept Jesus. He exposed the false religions.
That is exactly what i retired from .. Teaching ancient greek philosophy and other ancients and medieval not just greek philosophy at university.
 
Oh but i did--At John 1:1 and 2 Cor 4:4, 2 are being called-God and god--both spots are the same-One word ends in a g like character, one ends in a v like character-- 100% proof they are not being called the same thing. The only difference as every bible shows at 2 Cor 4:4 is the not true God gets god. Translating is the same at both spots. It's a guarantee every trinity scholar knows its fact yet they say nothing. Why? Because all those religions would be proved false and would lose billions of dollars every year. Not to mention 2 billion humans suing them for stealing their $$ because they do know.
none of this had to do with the Op. The op is about simplicity as the nature of God no?
 
One must be a Greek scholar to translate from Greek to English. He was unbias all the way. He didn't even accept Jesus. He exposed the false religions.
Not accepting Jesus IS a bias.

There is no such thing as a neutral position.
 
from Got ?

Divine simplicity is the concept that God does not exist in parts but is wholly unified, with no distinct attributes, and whose existence is synonymous with His essence. The doctrine of divine simplicity is related to the doctrines of divine aseity, transcendence, and unity. Augustine, Anselm, and Aquinas all defined and promoted the doctrine.

According to divine simplicity, as traditionally understood, God is the center of all divine attributes, without form or physical representation. Divine simplicity is the argument that God does not possess qualities; He is those qualities. For example, God does not have existence; He is existence itself. Omniscience is not something God has; God is omniscience. First John 4:16 says, in part, “God is love, and the one who abides in love abides in God, and God abides in him.” Divine simplicity sees that statement as validating the point that God does not possess loving attributes; rather, He defines the very concept of love.

Further, divine simplicity teaches that what seem to be God’s various traits are in reality indivisible and indistinguishable. God’s love is the same as His mercy, which is the same as His knowledge, which is the same as His justice. This would have to be true, because of the principle of transitivity: if a = b and a = c, then b = c (if God = love and God = existence, then love = existence).

Traditional theists (those who believe that a God or gods do exist) and deists (those who believe that God created the universe and then left it alone) may have few objections to the concept of divine simplicity, but there are some serious difficulties with it. Dr. William Lane Craig has dissected the four major claims of divine simplicity (www.reasonablefaith.org/divine-simplicity, accessed 6/5/2017):

1. God is not distinct from His nature. This claim cannot be accepted as true because it also describes angels. Heavenly beings are who they are, without a sin nature and the qualities that follow that sin nature.

2. God’s properties are not distinct from one another. This claim cannot be truth, because God is a Person, though Spirit, and as such expresses different characteristics in different situations. For example, rejection and acceptance cannot be present simultaneously. God rejected Eliab from being king (1 Samuel 16:7). He could not at the same time accept Eliab as king. Those properties are distinct from one another. Also, existence cannot be identical to omniscience, since there are many things that exist yet are not omniscient.

3. God’s nature is not distinct from His existence. This statement is also problematic. Existence is a characteristic of God, but it does not define God. If God’s nature were identical to His existence, then He would be simply the act of existing; in other words, God would not really have an essence at all. This idea, says Craig, “is unintelligible.”

4. God has no properties distinct from His nature. This claim appears to be the most troublesome, as it implies that God’s qualities, including the choices He makes, exist unrelated to outside elements. For example, God willed that the Son die for sin (Isaiah 53:10). But the question arises, what if God had not created the world? Would the Son’s death still be part of God’s will? Divine simplicity says, yes, because His nature would be unchanged.

Divine simplicity is true in that God is simple enough for a child to accept (Luke 18:17). But His nature is complex and multi-faceted. As has been said, if God was small enough to fit inside the human brain, He would not be big enough to be God.

The major problem with the concept of divine simplicity is that it portrays the Lord as an idea, rather than a Person. The Person of God presents Himself to us in human, not metaphysical, terms. He calls Himself a Father (2 Corinthians 6:18). He uses earthly comparisons to describe His attributes (Luke 13:34; Hosea 1:2). And He documents His range of emotion and responses to our obedience or rejection of Him (2 Kings 22:17; Zephaniah 3:17). When Jesus came to earth (Philippians 2:4–11), He shattered any ideas that God was merely a concept. Jesus brought the complexity of the Creator into a humble carpenter’s home, with hands and feet, eyes and mouth. He showed us what God is like, and faith means we take Him at His word (John 10:30; 14:9–11).
Divine simplicity (as you surmised in different ways) is an utterly unrelating God with no need of us.

Love by its nature needs and desires another. The Greek Pagan view, which Augustine and Aquinas ascribe to, collapses all into the One.

I have some lecture notes I will find and paste here... if I can find them.
 
Simplicity is Plato's direct description in the Phaedo dialogue of the greek (pagan) god concept of the oversoul. Do not look to wikipedia; it has errors.

That is exactly what i retired from .. Teaching ancient greek philosophy and other ancients and medieval not just greek philosophy at university.
Then explain to us all why at 2 Cor 4:4 one gets god and one gets God when the 2 same words are used at John 1:1
 
I promised to post some notes..here they are...

Mani (who Augustine had followed) thought that God’s realm was the dark realm, so he had that backwards, and he viewed God’s reality as being very dangerous, to indulge in it a ‘sin’, that to the contrary his ‘god of light’ had a sort of ‘body’, which was the celestial realm itself, and that this body [a pleroma/universe with limbs, attributes etc., the powers and energies of it], could be used to fight off the ‘king of darkness’. So he inverted everything as did the Greeks, because to them, anything opposing their type of satanic reality, and its type of ‘light’, was evil. Everything of of real Christianity, to them, is backwards, evil, dark. That god/body of light of Mani is very similar to Plato’s story of the creation of the world-soul, that by ‘educating souls’ and making them civilized, compare Plato’s cave, one could remove ignorance from them and they would escape evil, which to them was the innocence of Eden. Compare in the Timaeus dialogue of Plato, where the foreign realm finds the soul dark and tells of forcing her to join with reason [the higher soul/over soul].

Brown, in his autobiography of Augustine, explains Augustine’s attachment to these views before ‘having his supposed mystical experience’ and ‘conversion.’ Augustine read his Plato out of Plotinus, who shares this same point of view. And it is evident in Augustine’s Of Free Choice of the Will and even in his De Trinitate text, that he is a Platonist, using Platonic terms, and framing God’s nature to fit the Platonic terms. In his confessions he wrote that the bishop of Milan converted him precisely because of his own framing of Christianity into the Greek model. Because now, says Augustine, he can see the science behind Christianity, how it fits the rules of Greek philosophy, and so is is able to be converted on that basis (because though he doesn't say that explicitly, he can conform it to his own Manichaeism).

Mani believed himself an enlightened god, reincarnation of Jesus, Buddha etc., rejected that there was ever a fall from Eden, saying instead that the soul evolves [by attaining wisdom] to be linked to the ‘god of light’ [world-soul] and by that means escape “evil.” This he called ‘enlightenment’, the light that will take a soul away from its ignorance (=innocence). Manichaeism believed in an enlightened-Jesus-man, who ‘became a god’, a pagan counterfeit of Christ. And he even claimed that Christianity copied him and that he was the real Jesus-man. All backwards. He wanted to say Christianity depends on the pagan view, as its foundation. And this is what Augustine says allows his conversion, that now Christianity can be founded on Greek thought, which was the classical education of the day, in which everyone was trained. It was the Science of the day. Augustine shifts to Plato’s philosophy when he is exposed by Ambrose, Bishop of Milan to the “books of the Platonists” [particularly the Platonist Plotinus], from his sermons and lectures. [Confessions VII.9.13]. Augustine takes those Platonist explanations [of Plotinus which do conform to the same Manichaean ideas] and overlays them onto Christian themes. Peter Brown in his biography of Augustine, says that for Augustine Plato’s ‘Good’ is the One. A younger Augustine wrote the book you are reading [Free Choice] and confuses Plato’s One with God, the created world with Eden God created, and the soul (npsh) he confuses with the Greek concept of a soul (psuche), which is not at all a soul! Why? Because he uses Greek philosophy as his standard for his concepts. What Plato was as foundation for all of Europe [the west], Augustine [as church father] became for all of Christianity [in the west]. Augustine’s influence was great, so his view of these ideas affect Christianity, even today, even though at the end of the Free Choice text, there is a chapter called ‘reconsiderations’ [retractions], starting on p. 124 but these reconsiderations were published late in his life, and only take back some of what he was teaching; he is the same who established many doctrines and beliefs and even what texts were accepted. This text shows an early type of modern snowflake society. The scale of everything is now based upon the ego-self and its desires and needs and wants - all the concepts and events are set upon this earth and its superficial realities. All his examples in those first pages of Free Choice are like that, having been moved into the arena of psychology.

But what are some of his teachings in Free Choice, that directly correspond to Plato? Well for one, near the end of part one, he directly describes Platonic forms as part of God. And right at the start of the text, he defines evil as a kind of lack – ignorance and evil are based on the lack of something, the same “ignorance” Plato sees as a flaw in the soul, which ‘knowledge’ is supposed to correct… therefore, correct a lack of learning or knowledge, and a lack of connection to wisdom [the forms, the 'daemon of wisdom' in Plato]. Here he is not blaming the soul for our situation, in relation to satan who tricked Adam and Eve. All the blame is placed on us for being ignorant…which is why Augustine turns to “learning” on page 2 of the Free Choice text. The problem of course with ignorance, for Plato in the Phaedo text, was that it meant the soul was listening to what God says (posed as the god in a dream), for the problem for Plato of the archetype and symbolic ‘sickness’ of the ‘old school’ consciousness is that it lacks the ego (=flesh mind - daemon of wisdom). And Plato thinks philosophy, learning, is the cure for that ignorance. Every Catholic university theology dept. teaches this text, still. And essentially, they are Augustinian, regardless of if you stick to the concept of free choice or helplessness... both are Augustinian ideas based on the pagan dualism. We see that in the argument from opposites in the Phaedo text.

Pharmakós [philosophy] [medicine/a drug] requires a different consciousness, one that questions everything, which is Descartes’ same view, being an Augustinian. That questioning rearranges, not just the old consciousness we see in Euthyphro dialogue, who just obeys the rules without question because listening only to his ‘gods’ or in Phaedo, where the straight line implies listening to God and therefore not thinking and questioning. To have faith would mean to go in a straight line. We saw in Plato that he considers philosophy and the ‘mind’ or thinking thing as a “cure” for the straight line, [which he sees as ignorant].

For him, the ego (the self) will be the type of consciousness that can move all the concepts around, and avoid the straight line, so that the images [archetypes] can be have a different meaning that suits the ego. Plato sees philosophy as Pharmakós [cure, sorcery] because being a spell [rearranging words and images] it is considered able to change reality. And is that not what Satan does? Asks Eve a rearranged question to try to confuse for her what God said?

Consider that Greek philosophy, as Plato hints, has to mutilate something, by cutting up words [thus use sorcery words] in order to rearrange reality a different way, to change consciousness by words, and that the language philosophy uses, its dialectic way of understanding of things, because it rearranges archetypes, acts as a drug and veils God’s reality, just as a sky darkened by a large object can veil light from the people in the street. That is the meaning of Pharmakós = a drug, such that Plato’s question would be is the drug to cure or to poison, but either way the goal is the same: to mesmerize and spell because by this, a soul can be harmed and stolen from, and, dragged out of the ‘cave’ of ignorance. So, they lose their innocence. The point is that philosophy is not a neutral activity, and the cave analogy shows that, and Plato admits it involves violence in the cave analogy. Augustine contributes to this great emptying of the soul of her original concepts given by God, encouraging the soul give up her faith and to learn to doubt everything by his rerranging of meanings... so the soul will rely for her truth on science, the dialectical type mind - such that she will forget her own reality, which then can all be considered myth.

But remember, the soul in Plato’s Phaedo is an oversoul, what he conceives of as ‘god’ and which he classifies as ‘reason itself’, the same as Plotinus does, and this ‘god’ is not affected by anything but is impervious to love, feeling, or anything the Greek theology views as weak. Because, to the Greek mind, the soul (which term here is psuche!) cannot be affected or it would not be that ‘god’ concept. (Note how closely the 'god concept' of Plato as psuche matches the own Self as one's 'god'.) Plato's 'god' cannot have elements that war, thus can have no parts, since this implies a weakness to the Other, a relationship to the Other…a point made in Euthyphro dialogue, and this is why Plato notes that all those warring egos must be made subservient to reason/wisdom from there on out, as the One. This god, once inaugurated, will be modern science going forward. Aristotle takes this concept of the One and calls that “Mover unmoved” (=causality, nature) since it is unaffected and cannot love. Nothing like God....
 
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