The phrase total depravity has long been employed by Reformed theologians and others to describe the fallen state of man. Although the language is adequate when properly defined, the phrases pervasive depravity and radical depravity may be more appropriate.
To say that every man is totally depraved does not mean that he is as bad as he could be or that his every deed is entirely or perfectly evil. Rather it means that depravity, or moral corruption, has affected his entire being—body, intellect, and will.
Total depravity does not mean that the image of God in man was totally lost in the fall. In several texts, Scripture still refers to man as being made “in the image of God.” Total depravity does mean that the image of God in man has been seriously defaced or disfigured, and that moral corruption has polluted the entire person—body, reason, emotions, and will.
Secondly, total depravity does not mean that man has no knowledge of the person or will of God. The Scriptures teach us that all men know enough about the true God and His will to be without excuse before Him on the day of judgment. What it does mean is that apart from a special work of grace, all men reject God’s truth in favor of their own futile speculations. They are hostile towards God’s truth and seek to suppress it so that it will not disturb what is left of their conscience.6 Men know enough about God to hate Him and enough about His will to reject it and fight against it.
Thirdly, total depravity does not mean that man has no conscience or that he is totally insensible to good and evil. The Scriptures teach that all men possess a conscience, which, if not seared, is able to lead them to admire virtuous character and actions. What it does mean is that men are not wholeheartedly obedient to the directives of their conscience. A man is not righteous because he knows what is good or denounces what is evil, but because he does the good he knows.
Fourthly, total depravity does not mean that man is incapable of demonstrating virtue. There are men who love their families, sacrifice their own lives to save others, complete their civic duties, and perform good deeds in the name of religion. It does mean that such virtue is not motivated by genuine love for God or any true desire to obey His commands. The Scriptures testify that no man loves God in a worthy manner or as the law commands, neither is there a man who glorifies God in every thought, word, and deed. All men prefer self to God, and it is the love of self or the love of others—not the love of God—that moves men to acts of altruism, heroics, civic duty, and external religious good.1
Fifthly, total depravity does not mean that all men are as immoral as they could be, that all men are equally immoral, or that all men indulge in every form of evil that exists. Not all men are delinquents, fornicators, or murderers. It does mean that all men are born with a great propensity or inclination towards evil, and that all men are capable of the most unspeakable crimes and the most shameful perversions. As a whole, all of humanity is inclined to greater and greater moral corruption, and this moral deterioration would be incalculably more rapid than it is were it not for the common grace of God which restrains it. Man, by his own doing, cannot free or recuperate himself from this downward spiral.
Finally, total depravity does not mean that men do not possess the necessary faculties to obey God. Man is not a victim who desires to obey but is unable to because of factors beyond his control. God has endowed man with an intellect, a will, and a freedom to choose. Man is therefore responsible before God as a moral agent. Total depravity does mean that man cannot submit himself to God because he will not, and he will not because of his own hostility toward God.
Paul Washer, The Gospel’s Power and Message, Recovering the Gospel