All other theories of the atonement derive from Jesus paying the penalty for sin.
Jesus paying a ransom, Jesus conquering death, Jesus conquering the devil, Jesus being a a good moral influence, Jesus conquering sin, Jesus redeeming the suffering and imperfections of creation.
All these bad things that need redeeming all came from the creation's rebellion, all these things came from the original sins, all these things are curses and judgments that came as a consequence of what each of our sin deserves—
There is no "problem" Jesus "solves" that is not in some way connected to "sin"!!
The atonement of Jesus Christ is not just a good example, a legal loophole, fighting the bad guys, or doing a good deed for humanity.
The atonement of Jesus Christ and all the good things that come from it are based in one thing, the Law bringing wrath.
Jesus is judged with the consequences of what sinning against a holy God deserves on our behalf.
Christ suffered for sins, the just for the unjust, to bring us to God.
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He made him who knew no sin to be sin for us, that we might be made the righteousness of God in him.
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The Lord laid on him the iniquity of us all, it pleased the Lord to bruise him, he soul became a guilt offering.
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He takes the bullet, he takes the fall, he takes the punishment we deserve.
That's the Gospel.
The N.T. does not use the penal language that was developed during the Reformation in the dark ages as that was how that culture during that time had dealt with people in their judicial system punishing those who disagreed with them, torture and death were a result for many who went against their theology. That was the mentality of those who developed the doctrine we have today called the PSA atonement.
There are many aspects and theories of the atonement that contain truth, and no one theory is 100% correct. There are many different views and aspects to the atonement within orthodoxy. The N.T. writers' emphasis on the atonement is on the side of expiation rather than propitiation, which is only used twice in the epistle of 1 John. Gods’ wrath is still future and will judge those who reject His Sons atonement for sin. Gods’ wrath was not poured out on the Son for sin otherwise there would be no future wrath from God because of sin. Jesus said: “I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. The reason my Father loves Me is that I lay down My life—only to take it up again. No one takes it from Me, but I lay it down of My own accord” (John 10:11; 17-18). Or again, while speaking to the multitudes, Jesus declared: “Whatever the Father does the Son also does” (John 5:19). And Jesus said: “Now my heart is troubled. ‘Father, save me from this hour?’ No, it was for this very reason I came to this hour. Father, glorify your name!” (John 12:27-28)
The clear picture that emerges from Scripture is that Jesus was not the unfortunate victim of the angry Father. Rather, the Father and the Son were working in concert through the cross to pay for the sins of humanity and make atonement. There is no division of will between the Father and the Son. Jesus’ atonement was done in love which provided covering and forgiveness of sins as He declared was a ransom.
And this view harmonizes with God’s wrath that is still yet to come and was not poured out on Jesus on the cross. Our loving God takes no pleasure in the death of the wicked (Ezekiel 33:11). Our loving Father took pleasure to bruise His Son to reconcile us to God as an offering for our sins. (Isaiah 53:10).
It is by faith in the Son through the message of the gospel that saves and unbelief which condemns. The gospel is for
all mankind,
all the world, for everyone. God desires
all men to be saved and to come to the knowledge of the truth. (1 Timothy 2:4). God is the Savior of
all men, especially of believers (1 Timothy. 4:10), For the grace of God has appeared, bringing salvation to
everyone (Titus 2:11) For God has consigned
all to disobedience, that he may have mercy on
all (Romans 11:32). The Lord is not slow in keeping His promise as some understand slowness, but is patient with you, not wanting
anyone to perish but
everyone to come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9).
God sent His Son into the world to take away the sin of the world (John 1:29) and He Himself is the propitiation for our sins; and not for ours only, but also
for sins of the whole world. (1 John 2:2). and He died for
all, that those who live should live no longer for themselves, but for Him who died for them and rose again (2 Corinthians 5:15). But we do see Jesus, who was made lower than the angels for a little while, now crowned with glory and honor because he suffered death, so that by the grace of God he might taste death for
everyone. (Hebrews 2:9)
hope this helps !!!